A hybrid directional probe method both “thermal and Langmuir probe” was applied for fast ion measurements in the compact helical system. In order to obtain absolute values of fast ion density and power density, a calibration of the probe was performed using neutral hydrogen beam and a mixture beam of hydrogen and proton, of which beam current and energy were controlled. The conversion factor from temperature increase of the probe head to local power density and secondary electron emission yield was obtained. The density of fast ions was obtained by directional thermal probe (DTP) method inside the last closed flux surface, and the density ratio was nFastIon/nBulkPlasma = 2.7 × 10-3 at r/a = 0.9. The observation of the directional Langmuir probe (DLP) method is consistent with the DTP results.
I have fabricated gold and silver nanoparticle layers on amino-terminated glass substrates by immersion processes from aqueous colloidal solutions of gold and silver nanoparticles. The composition ratio of nanoparticles on the modified substrates was varied by the mixing ratio of corresponding colloidal solutions of nanoparticles. Raman signals of rhodamine 6G were observed on the nanoparticle-modified substrates. In the case of the mixed gold and silver nanoparticle-modified substrates, the intensities of the Raman signals were larger than the intensities expected from a simple proportional sum of the Raman signals obtained using a gold nanoparticle layer or a silver nanoparticle layer. The nonlinear enhancement properties of the Raman signal intensities may be attributable to unique localized surface plasmon resonance between the gold and silver nanoparticles. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2012.157]