著者

Yuka Hamada Takuma Yanaoka Kyoko Kashiwabara Kuran Kurata Ryo Yamamoto Susumu Kanno Tomonori Ando Masashi Miyashita

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.4, pp.625-629, 2018 (Released:2018-04-20)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

4

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[Purpose] This study examined the effects of gum chewing while walking on physical and physiological functions. [Subjects and Methods] This study enrolled 46 male and female participants aged 21–69 years. In the experimental trial, participants walked at natural paces for 15 minutes while chewing two gum pellets after a 1-hour rest period. In the control trial, participants walked at natural paces for 15 minutes after ingesting powder containing the same ingredient, except the gum base, as the chewing gum. Heart rates, walking distances, walking speeds, steps, and energy expenditure were measured. [Results] Heart rates during walking and heart rate changes (i.e., from at rest to during walking) significantly increased during the gum trial compared with the control trial. Walking distance, walking speed, walking heart rate, and heart rate changes in male participants and walking heart rate and heart rate changes in female participants were significantly higher during the gum trial than the control trial. In middle-aged and elderly male participants aged ≥40 years, walking distance, walking speed, steps, and energy expenditure significantly increased during the gum trial than the control trial. [Conclusion] Gum chewing while walking measurably affects physical and physiological functions.

著者

Susumu Kanno Kanako Shimo Tomonori Ando Yuka Hamada Masashi Miyashita Kenji Osawa

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.5, pp.435-439, 2019 (Released:2019-05-13)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

3

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[Purpose] Although gum chewing while walking has been reported to increase walking speed and heart rate, its effect on energy expenditure remains unclear. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of gum chewing while walking on fat oxidation, energy expenditure, and different walking parameters. [Participants and Methods] This randomized crossover study included 10 males and 5 females who walked for 15 min at their own pace while chewing 2 pieces of gum in the gum trial or while eating 2 tablets in the control trial. A wearable metabolic system, heart rate monitor, and pedometer measured fat oxidation, energy expenditure, heart rate, step count, and walking distance. Walking speed and stride length were also calculated. [Results] The energy expenditure, fat oxidation and heart rate were significantly higher during the gum trial than during the control trial. Significant increases were observed in the step count, walking distance, and walking speed but not in the stride length. [Conclusion] Our results suggest that gum chewing affects sympathetic nervous system activity and walking rhythm with a consequent improvement in the health-related effects of walking, which in turn helps to maintain weight. These findings may play a role in preventing the gradual age-related weight gain that predisposes to obesity.

著者

Toshiki MAEDA Yuka HAMADA Shunsuke FUNAKOSHI Rena HOSHI Masayoshi TSUJI Aiko NARUMI-HYAKUTAKE Mai MATSUMOTO Yuya KAKUTANI Yoichi HATAMOTO Eiichi YOSHIMURA Motohiko MIYACHI Hidemi TAKIMOTO

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.3, pp.189-203, 2022-06-30 (Released:2022-06-30)

参考文献数

50

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Little is known about the optimal daily magnesium (Mg) intake for individuals with high levels of physical activity. The aim of this study was to clarify the optimal dietary Mg intake for people with high levels of physical activity in a scoping review. In this review, we searched MEDLINE and Japan Medical Abstracts Society for studies published up to May 31, 2020. We conducted two searches, one for studies using gold standard measurement methods such as the balance method and factorial calculation (Search 1), and the other for studies using estimation from daily food intake (Search 2). We also performed a meta-analysis of studies that compared the Mg intake among physically active people with the Mg intake among controls. After the primary and secondary screening, 31 studies were included in the final review. All of the included studies examined professional or recreational athletes. We found no studies that examined the optimal intake of Mg using gold standard measurement methods. The Mg intake among physically active individuals was below the recommended dietary allowance in most studies. In five studies that conducted meta-analyses, physically active individuals had significantly higher intakes of Mg than controls, although these levels were still below the recommended dietary allowance. The present review revealed that evidence regarding the optimal daily magnesium intake is currently scarce, and further studies are needed.