This review addressed issues on relationship between career development and adolescent mental health. Recently, in Japan, lots of college students are having a trouble getting a job and job shortage is major social issues. Although career development and mental health have potential reciprocal effect, little has been empirically investigated this effect. This article pointed out the two possible perspectives to the research on the relationship. First, the researchers and practitioners should understand not only identity formation and developmental issues but also psychological adaptation and various emotional problems concerning career development. Second, in college education, university faculty with mental health professionals should intensively and comprehensively support college students with special need (e.g. developmental and psychiatric disorders). Finally, future directions on this research were discussed.