著者

柴田 淑枝 Shibata Yoshie

出版者

名古屋大学教育学部

雑誌

名古屋大學教育學部紀要. 心理学 (ISSN:03874796)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, pp.229-241, 1997-12-26

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This paper is the review of the research for Wason's four-cards task, which was focused on the research from 1980 to 1988. As to matching bias, in the case of the task that is not related to their experience such as abstract task, the subjects' solution were influenced by matching bias, while In the case of the concrete task such as "drinking age problem", their solution were influenced by their experience. As for drinking age problem, it was pointed out that its solving process was related to the effect of violation instruction, and This effect was discussed in connection with matching bias. As to thematic effect, it was denied that any concrete tasks could raise the rate of the correct response. Same as matching bias, it was suggested that the correct response was affected by whether the task is related to the subjects' experience or not. But it means not only direct but also indirect experience. It is important for the subjects to analogize the context of the task to their experience. And, the general rules or knowledge structures that is induced from the ordinary life experiences were termed "pragmatic reasoning schemas", it has been taken close up as the important factor for solving the 4-cards task.