著者

柴田 淑枝 Shibata Yoshie

出版者

名古屋大学教育学部

雑誌

名古屋大學教育學部紀要. 心理学 (ISSN:03874796)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, pp.161-173, 1998-12-25

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This paper is the review of the research for Wason's four-cards task, which was focused on the article from 1989 to 1995. In 1989,it has been argued about pragmatic reasoning schema (PRS) and social contract theory (SC). Although PRS and SC are different in their origin : The former is auquired from experience in everyday life, the latter is possessed by nature, both of them are deontic. And, deontic reasoning is largely explained by mental model. In non-deontic, i.e. dual processes, the cards of conspicious event are selected heuristically with belief bias or open context etc. The Piagetian has also accepted the dual processes in part, but they have interpreted the logical ability of human as developmental. In recent years, it has been suggested the synthetic theories such as Relevance theory by Sperber, et al. (1995) etc., which have attempted the discussion on the synthetic framework including deontic, PRS, SC, mental model or dual processes. These theories or models are examined in a place of the situated approarch.

著者

柴田 淑枝 Shibata Yoshie

出版者

名古屋大学教育学部

雑誌

名古屋大學教育學部紀要. 心理学 (ISSN:03874796)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, pp.229-241, 1997-12-26

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This paper is the review of the research for Wason's four-cards task, which was focused on the research from 1980 to 1988. As to matching bias, in the case of the task that is not related to their experience such as abstract task, the subjects' solution were influenced by matching bias, while In the case of the concrete task such as "drinking age problem", their solution were influenced by their experience. As for drinking age problem, it was pointed out that its solving process was related to the effect of violation instruction, and This effect was discussed in connection with matching bias. As to thematic effect, it was denied that any concrete tasks could raise the rate of the correct response. Same as matching bias, it was suggested that the correct response was affected by whether the task is related to the subjects' experience or not. But it means not only direct but also indirect experience. It is important for the subjects to analogize the context of the task to their experience. And, the general rules or knowledge structures that is induced from the ordinary life experiences were termed "pragmatic reasoning schemas", it has been taken close up as the important factor for solving the 4-cards task.

著者

吉田 俊和 Yoshida Toshikazu 安藤 直樹 Ando Naoki 元吉 忠寛 Motoyoshi Tadahiro 藤田 達雄 Fujita Tatsuo 廣岡 秀一 Hirooka Shuichi 斎藤 和志 Saito Kazushi 森 久美子 Mori Kumiko 石田 靖彦 Isida Yasuhiko 北折 充隆 Kitaori Mitutaka

出版者

名古屋大学教育学部

雑誌

名古屋大學教育學部紀要. 心理学 (ISSN:03874796)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, pp.53-73, 1999-12-27

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Social annoyance was defined as any behavior which may bother, annoy, or irritate others, usually occurring between strangers. Social annoyance is aimed solely toward fulfilling one's own personal needs, at the sacrifice of inconveniencing others. This series of studies investigated social annoyance from a cognitive perspective. Study I examined the concept through three surveys. In Surveys 1 and 2,undergraduates (N=672) responded to questionnaires which included items which dealt with their attitudes toward social annoyance. These questionnaires consisted of attitude ratings of 120 annoying behaviors, along with various personality scales (e.g., Locus of Control (Kanbara et al, 1982), Social Consciousness (Wada & Kuze, 1990)). Factor analysis of the 120 behaviors revealed two factors, labeled "deviation from rules and manners", and "inconveniencing others." These attitudes showed positive correlations with the personality variables of "respect for norms", "philanthropic values" and "moral values". Survey 3 involved undergraduates (N=417) who responded to a questionnaire which included items asking for their perception of how they think others might feel toward the 120 annoying behaviors. Results indicated that subjects perceive the annoyance that others experience exceeds what they themselves experience. In Study II, social annoyance within two specific social events, i.e. weddings and funerals, were examined. Subjects were undergraduates and graduate students (N=136,mean age=21.0), along with their mothers (N=91,mean age=49.2). The questionnaire included items which dealt with : (1) attitudes toward 12 annoying behaviors, and means of coping; (2) the degree to which they perceive themselves as a social entity versus an individual entity (Social Consideration); and (3) their perception of how society should be (Belief about Society). Factor analyses showed that Belief about Society consists of three sub-scales : regulative, symbiotic and selfish belief. Furthermore, mothers scoring high on regulative and/oo symbiotic perceived annoyance the most, while students showed a positive correlation between Social Consideration and attitude toward social annoyance. These results suggest that belief about society and social consideration are important concepts toward examining social annoyance.

著者

野田 勝子

出版者

名古屋大学

雑誌

名古屋大學教育學部紀要. 心理学 (ISSN:03874796)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, pp.155-172, 1999-12-27

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国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

著者

清水 明子

出版者

名古屋大学

雑誌

名古屋大學教育學部紀要. 心理学 (ISSN:03874796)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, pp.55-63, 1998-12-25

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国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

著者

植村 善太郎

出版者

名古屋大学

雑誌

名古屋大學教育學部紀要. 心理学 (ISSN:03874796)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, pp.187-195, 1999-12-27

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国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。