Taraxacum maruyamanum is a diploid dandelion endemic to the Oki Islands, western Japan. Morita(1995)regarded this dandelion as a subspecies of T. platycarpum. Taraxacum maruyamanum, however, is characterized by elongate, lanceolate or broadly lanceolate and hardly corniculate outer bracts of involucres. These characters are remarkably distant from the geographic trends of morphological variation in T. platycarpum s. lat. Taraxacum maruyamanum, therefore, should be treated as a distinct species.