出版者

公益社団法人 大気環境学会

雑誌

大気汚染研究 (ISSN:21863687)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.2, pp.390-393, 1974 (Released:2012-10-25)

著者

大喜多 敏一

出版者

Japan Society for Atmospheric Environment

雑誌

大気汚染研究 (ISSN:21863687)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.3, pp.139-149, 1976-12-20 (Released:2011-08-11)

参考文献数

30

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A critical review is made of the current methods of measurement of the air pollutants for which air quality standards are promulgated, odorous substances, organic gases, and products of photochemical air pollution.Recent progress is also reviewed on the measurement of metals employing the methods such as neutron and X-ray activation analysis, and the measurement of aerosol employing middle volume air sampler, β-ray absorption, quartz vibrating balance and so on.The analysis of polynuclear hydrocarbon, sulfate and individual particles are also described.The application of spectroscopy on the measurements of air pollutants is also a new field of research. Particularly chemiluminescence detection of 03 and other gases, remote sensing by laser radar and Barringer correlation spectrometer are developing.The preparation of standard materials for the calibration is also an important field of study and the methods of generation of standard gases employing permeation tube, pen-ray tube and of standard aerosol such as spinning disk and condensation generators are are important for the evaluation of newly developed measuring techniques.However, the cross check of various methods has to be done for the achievement of the reliable comparison of the data obtained by different methods and in different countries. The current cross check of sulfite analysis conducted by EPA of U. S. A. and cross-country comparison of metal concentrations in Europe clearly show the importance of such cross check.

著者

今井 正之 吉田 克己 北畠 正義

出版者

Japan Society for Atmospheric Environment

雑誌

大気汚染研究 (ISSN:21863687)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.3, pp.184-188, 1977-08-05 (Released:2011-08-11)

参考文献数

9

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We have investigated the health effects of air pollution during the perinatal period through the records of birth, immature foetus birth, still-birth and death certificates from 1968 to 1975 in Yokkaichi area. Following result was obtained:The relationships between the surfur dioxide level and immature foetus birth rate, infant death rate and still-birth rate were relatively small and correlation coefficients betwen sulfur dioxide level and these rates had statistically no significant difference.

著者

安岡 高志 光沢 舜明

出版者

Japan Society for Atmospheric Environment

雑誌

大気汚染研究 (ISSN:21863687)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.7, pp.402-406, 1977-11-25 (Released:2011-08-11)

参考文献数

10

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Absorption of nitrogen oxides into the soils were measured in a gas chamber by an automatic continuous nitrogen oxides analyzer (with Saltzman reagent). The capacity of absorption of nitrogen oxides differs greatly due to the sorts of the soils. The soils gradually released nitric oxide at room temperature, and the concentration of the released nitric oxide is nearly proportional to that of original gas concentration. Nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide were released by heating from the wet soil which absorbed nitric oxide or nitrogen dioxide, while only nitric oxide was released from the dry soil. The temperature at which nitrogen dioxide appears lowered with increasing the water content of the soil. Some soils even reduced nitrogen dioxide to nitric oxide. The rate of absorption and release between the soils and the atmosphere varied by the sorts, temperature and water content of the soils.

著者

溝口 勲 三上 理一郎 工藤 翔二 小久保 雅子 今関 鎮徳

出版者

Japan Society for Atmospheric Environment

雑誌

大気汚染研究 (ISSN:21863687)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.6, pp.485-492, 1976

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During the summer of 1975, effects of photochemical oxidants and other factors on health of schoolchildren and students were investigated in Saitama Prefecture, northern suburbs of Tokyo metropolitan area. The levels of each air pollutant and meteorological foctor were divided to 4, 5, 6 or 8 ranks and ratios of ones who had acute complaints to person days were compared with each other.<BR>Oxidant concentration most closely related to the ratio. The incidences stepwise increased from 0.02% to 0.3%, 3% in accordance with the elevation of oxidants levels (-0.07 ppm, 0.12-0.19 ppm, 0.20 ppm-). The levels of SO<SUB>2</SUB>, NO<SUB>2</SUB>, SPM and visibility related to the incidences to some extent. When SO<SUB>2</SUB>, NO<SUB>2</SUB> and SPM levels exceeded 0.07 ppm, 0.10 ppm and 0.2 mg/m<SUP>3</SUP> respectively and visibility lowered 3 km in this region, the incidences clearly increased. High temperature and discomfort index, however, were not always connected with high incidences. In addition, the weather of days when high incidences were found was slightly cloudy, and in rainy or clear days such results were not at all seen.

著者

中央公害対策審議会大気部会

出版者

公益社団法人 大気環境学会

雑誌

大気汚染研究 (ISSN:21863687)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.4, pp.226a-232, 1977-09-05 (Released:2011-08-11)

参考文献数

23

著者

大平 俊男

出版者

Japan Society for Atmospheric Environment

雑誌

大気汚染研究 (ISSN:21863687)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.7, pp.425-430, 1977

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In an attemt to clarify air pollution conditions in the atmosphere over the southern Kanto area, the Tokyo Metropolitan Research Institute for Environmental Protection, using an aircraft, made a survey of the concentration of NO<SUB>x</SUB>, SO<SUB>2</SUB>, TSP, CH<SUB>4</SUB>, non CH<SUB>4</SUB>·HC and CO in the layer between the altitudes of 700 and 1, 800 meter in October, 1974. The results are as follows:<BR>(1) The average concentrations of NO and NO<SUB>2</SUB> were 0.24 pphm and 0.92 pphm respectively, the latter being about 1/3 to 1/5 of that on the ground.<BR>(2) No SO<SUB>2</SUB> was detected in most of the days, except on October 18 when its average concentration was 1.4 ppb, being approximately 1/10 of the ground concentration.<BR>(3) TSP average concentration measured by light scattering method was 1.6μg/m<SUP>3</SUP> over Takyo and 11μg/m<SUP>3</SUP> in the upper air of Sagami Bay. These were around 1/60 to 1/10 of the ground level concentsation in Tokyo. SO<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>--</SUP> and NO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP> concentration in the dust by high volume sampler were from not detectable value to 29 μg/m<SUP>3</SUP> and from 1 to 23 μg/m<SUP>3</SUP> respectively, both being a little lower than the surface values in Tokyo, but the differences did not seem to be great compared with other pollutants.<BR>(4) The concentration of CH<SUB>4</SUB> was about the same as that of surface level, ranging from 1.5 to 1.7 ppmC, while that of nonCH<SUB>4</SUB>·HC was mostly between 0.2 and 0.4 ppmC, being about 1/2 of the ground concentrations.<BR>(5) CO value was mostly 0.4 through 0.8 ppm, about 1/5 of the ground concentration.<BR>Recently, Dr. T. Kitagawa made a hypothesis that photochemical smog was produced by aircraft exhaust gas accumulated in an inversion layer, not by autmobile and factory exhaust gas. This hypothesis, however, not only raises doubt in several points, but also can not be supported at least in the light of the conditions of air pollutants in the layer between 700 and 1, 800 meter above the ground, especially of the measurements of precusors of photochemical smog such as NO<SUB>x</SUB> and nonCH<SUB>4</SUB>·HC.