著者

Naoki Ushirooka Kotaro Muratomi Shin Omura Satoru Tanigawa

出版者

Active Aging Research Center

雑誌

Journal of Trainology (ISSN:21865264)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.2, pp.24-28, 2023-11-09 (Released:2023-11-22)

参考文献数

26

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Objective: This study aimed to examine whether the addition of lower-body aerobic exercise as a warm-up (LGW) improves upper-body resistance training (RT) performance more than a specific warm-up (SW) alone and to investigate whether maximal muscular strength modulates the performance-enhancing effect of LGW. Design: Randomized crossover design. Methods: Fourteen male participants performed 3 sets of 80%1RM bench press under two warm-up conditions. In one con dition, the participants performed only a SW for the bench press exercise. In the other condition (LGW + SW), the participants performed cycling for 20 minutes and the SW for the bench press exercise. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the total number of repetitions (REPTOTAL) and the mean propulsive velocity (MPV) of the barbell during the concentric phase between the SW and LGW + SW. Also, 1RM did not modu late the relationship between SW and LGW + SW for REPTOTAL and maximum MPV among all sets. Conclusion: This study suggests that the LGW in addition to the SW does not have large additional effects on performance during upper-body RT. In addition, maximal muscular strength does not modulate the performance-enhancing effect of the LGW on upper-body RT performed at 80%1RM.

著者

James P. Fisher Mark Asanovich Ralph Cornwell James Steele

出版者

Active Aging Research Center

雑誌

Journal of Trainology (ISSN:21865264)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.1, pp.13-17, 2016-04-18 (Released:2016-05-20)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

3

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Objectives: Sport plays a major role in the physical activity, wellbeing and socialisation of children and adults. However, a growing prevalence of concussions in sports persists, furthermore, that subconcussive forces are responsible for neurodegenerative conditions. Current approaches towards concussion prevention are dependent upon coaching strategies and enforcement by referees, or only attempt to reduce further injury, not prevent initial injury occurring. A growing body of research has shown that strengthening the muscles of the neck might serve to reduce head acceleration, change in velocity and dissipate kinetic energy from concussive and subconcussive forces. Design: Following ethical approval and parental consent a single arm, pilot study recruited 13 male and 13 female high school stu dents to undertake 8 weeks of neck strengthening exercises 2 d.wk-1. Method: A low-volume, time-efficient approach considered progressive strength training for neck extension, flexion, and right- and left-lateral flexion exercises for a single set to muscular failure. Results: Strength outcome data was analysed using paired samples t-tests comparing predicted 1-repetition maximum for week 1 and week 8 revealing significant strength improvements for both males and females for all exercises; p < 0.001. Effect sizes were very large (2.3-4.3) for all exercises for both males and females. Conclusions: Participants showed very large increases in neck strength suggesting previous detrained condition and the potential to significantly improve strength using a simple, low volume, resistance training protocol. Athletic training should prioritise health of participants and longevity of career and as such the authors present a neck strengthening protocol with a view to reducing injury risks.

著者

Kevin T. Mattocks Scott J. Dankel Samuel L. Buckner Matthew B. Jessee Brittany R. Counts J.Grant Mouser Gilberto C. Laurentino Jeremy P. Loenneke

出版者

Active Aging Research Center

雑誌

Journal of Trainology (ISSN:21865264)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.1, pp.6-12, 2016-04-13 (Released:2016-05-20)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

24

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Resistance training increases muscle size and strength and is associated with numerous health benefits. For many, periodization serves as the cornerstone of programming for resistance training and is commonly touted in the literature as a superior method of training. Objective: To review the literature on the effects of periodization for those looking to improve muscle size and strength. Design and Methods: Non-systematic review. Research articles were collected using search terms such as linear periodization, non-linear periodization, non-periodized, undulating periodization, and strength training models. Results: Previous research has found no differences in muscle size between periodized and non-periodized training programs. Further, there are conflicting reports on what periodized program is superior for increasing muscle strength. It is our contention that the proposed superiority in strength with periodized programs is often explained by the principle of specificity. Conclusion: The use of a periodized program may be advantageous for an athlete in certain sports due to practice and competi tions throughout the season. However, we wish to suggest that the proposed benefits of periodization for those only interested in increasing muscle size and strength are largely founded in conjecture and that there is little compelling evidence that periodization is a superior method of training.

著者

Jason M. Cholewa David J. Grannis Daniel A. Jaffe Lucas Guimarães-Ferreira Tracy D. Matthews Vincent J. Paolone

出版者

Active Aging Research Center

雑誌

Journal of Trainology (ISSN:21865264)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.1, pp.19-24, 2015-06-10 (Released:2015-07-06)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

5

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Objectives: This study investigated the performance enhancing effects of bicarbonate ingestion on soccer specific perfor mance. Design: A randomized and double-blinded study. Methods: Division III collegiate male soccer players (N = 7) participated in the study. Participants ingested either an alkaline treatment (.3 g/kg NaHCO3) or placebo (cornflower) 60 min prior to exercise on two separate testing sessions spaced 7 days apart. Distance to fatigue in the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 2 was used to assess performance. Capillary blood was sampled pre-ingestion (PE), 60 min post ingestion (PI), exhaustion (EX), following 15 min of recovery (RC) and analyzed for lactate ([La–]) and pH. Results: No significant ( p > .05) differences between conditions existed for performance. A significant ( p < .05) main effect was found for [La–]: values at EX were significantly greater than PE, PI, and RC; however, no interaction ( p > .05) existed between time and condition. pH values at PE and PI were significantly greater than EX and RC in both conditions; however, pH was significantly ( p < .05) greater at PI than PE in treatment but not placebo. Conclusion: Bicarbonate ingestion increased extracellular buffering capacity but does not appear to enhance shuttle run per formance in Division III soccer players. mance.

著者

James P. Fisher James Steele Patroklos Androulakis-Korakakis Dave Smith Paulo Gentil Jürgen Giessing

出版者

Active Aging Research Center

雑誌

Journal of Trainology (ISSN:21865264)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.1, pp.1-8, 2020-01-18 (Released:2020-03-19)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

5 15

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Objectives: The accepted wisdom within resistance training is that differing loads and corresponding repetition maximum (RM) ranges are optimal for inducing specific adaptations. For example, prominent organizations and their respective publications have typically prescribed heavy loads for maximal strength increases ( ≥ 85% 1RM/ ≤ 6RM), more moderate loads for hypertrophy (67-85% 1RM/6-12RM) and lighter loads for local muscular endurance (LME; ≤ 67% 1RM/ ≥ 12RM). Since we believe these recommendations originate from a misunderstanding and misinterpretation of DeLorme’s strength-endurance continuum, the aim of this narrative review is to discuss the preponderance of research surrounding training load and strength and LME adaptations. Design & Methods: Narrative Review Results: The current body of literature fails to support recommendations for the use of specific loads for specific strength, hypertrophy or LME adaptations. Furthermore, that the strength-endurance continuum originally presented by DeLorme was never intended to compare the use of heavier- and lighter-load resistance training, but rather to consider the adaptations to strength training and aerobically based endurance exercise. Finally, a lack of clarity considering absolute- and relative- LME has confounded understanding of this adaptation. Conclusions: The body of research supports that absolute LME appears to adapt as a result of maximal strength increases. However, relative LME shows minimal response to strength training with either heavier- or lighter-loads. We present the limitations of the current body of research and promote specifically detailed recent research as well as the importance of generality of strength and LME in both sporting and real-world settings.

著者

Paul T. Donahue Erik Beiser Sam J. Wilson Christopher M. Hill John C. Garner

出版者

Active Aging Research Center

雑誌

Journal of Trainology (ISSN:21865264)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.2, pp.24-27, 2018-10-06 (Released:2018-11-27)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

2 4

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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between lower-body power output and pitching velocity in professional baseball pitchers. Design and Methods: A cross-sectional design was used to assess twenty-seven minor league baseball pitchers were for lower body power output using two methods. Countermovement vertical jump (CMVJ) and a 30 second sprint cycling test (Cycle) were used to calculate peak and mean power, as well as normalized peak and mean power respectively. Additionally, peak velocity, and mean velocity was assessed during the CMVJ with the use of a linear position transducer attached to a wooden dowel. Pitching velocity was measured as the greatest fastball pitch velocity for each subject recorded during a minor league spring training game. Mean velocity was that of all fastballs thrown. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients were used to analyze the relationship between all variables with alpha levels set at p < 0.05. Results: Mean power during Cycle showed a significant positive relationship to both peak and mean throwing velocities (r = 0.441 and 0.428, respectively). Conclusions: Sprint cycling performance and more specifically the mean output over the duration of the sprint has a significant linear relationship with both peak and mean throwing velocity in professional baseball pitchers.

著者

Katherine Burgess Thomas Holt Steven Munro Paul Swinton

出版者

Active Aging Research Center

雑誌

Journal of Trainology (ISSN:21865264)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.2, pp.24-29, 2016-08-05 (Released:2016-09-30)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

12

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Objectives: To investigate the validity and relative and absolute reliability of the Running Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) in ama teur soccer players. Design: Cross-sectional experimental design with an element of repeated measures. Methods: Twenty three males completed the RAST on two occasions and a Wingate test (WAnT) as criterion measure of anaero bic power. Results: Criterion validity for the RAST was strong for peak power (r = 0.70, p < 0.001) and average power (r = 0.60, p = 0.002); however, the RAST significantly underestimated peak power compared to WAnT. The RAST showed very good relative reli ability for average power, ICC = 0.88 and good relative reliability for peak power, ICC = 0.72. Assessment of absolute reliability highlighted that although when averaged across a group, test and re-test scores will be similar, when monitoring individuals an individual’s retest score may range between 0.81 and 1.2 times the original value for peak power and between 0.9 and 1.16 for average power. Conclusion: The RAST is a practicable field test to estimate levels of average anaerobic power. However, the results show that the RAST is not sensitive enough to detect strongly individual changes below 20 % and is therefore not recommended to con tinually monitor an individual’s anaerobic power. Also, if true measures of peak power are required the RAST test is limited.

著者

James Steele James Fisher Derek Crawford

出版者

Active Aging Research Center

雑誌

Journal of Trainology (ISSN:21865264)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.1, pp.20, 2020-04-28 (Released:2020-06-05)

参考文献数

82

被引用文献数

3 5

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Objectives: Researchers and practitioners in sports science aim to generate, and apply, knowledge to improve sports perfor mance. One area of interest is the role that muscular strength, and thus approaches to improve this (i.e. resistance training), has upon sports performance. In this review we briefly consider the evidence regarding an answer to the causal question “Does increasing an athletes’ strength improve sports performance?”. Design & Methods: We first consider the Applied Research Model for the Sport Sciences (ARMSS) to frame the problem and answer this. We then highlight barriers to answering it (and other causal questions) before offering suggestions to address these. Results: Muscular strength typically differentiates elite and non-elite athletes, and is correlated with proxy measures of sports performance. However, there is insufficient evidence to make a definitive statement regarding the causal effect of muscular strength upon sports performance. Conclusions: Considering the ARMSS, evidence is lacking whether improving muscular strength is causally related to sports performance. Present evidence is primarily observational and cross-sectional, experimental evidence is limited and focused upon proxy measures of sports performance, primarily conducted in small samples, and with little consideration regarding meaningfulness of effects. Suggestions to help improve research in this area and better answer this question include: larger sample sizes, determination of smallest effect sizes of interest for outcomes including muscular strength and proxy measures of sports performance (using both anchoring and/or expert opinion), and use of causal inference methods for observational data (actual sports performance, performance indicators, and fitness measures) including graphical causal diagrams and mediation analysis.

著者

Jonathan Kelly John J. McMahon Paul Comfort

出版者

Active Aging Research Center

雑誌

Journal of Trainology (ISSN:21865264)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.2, pp.53-56, 2014-12-01 (Released:2015-03-16)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

5 8

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Objectives: This study aimed to compare one repetition maximum (1RM) power clean performances, performed from the floor, the knee and from mid-thigh, to determine the differences between variations. Design and Methods: Using a within subjects repeated measures design, healthy male subjects (n=12; height 1.83 ± 0.08 m; body mass 92.17 ± 13.18 kg; age 21 ± 3.69 years), performed each variation of the power clean on two separate occasions to determine reliability of each assessment. A repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc analysis was used to compare performances between each variation. Results: Power clean from the floor (93.75 ± 16.53 kg) resulted in significantly greater loads lifted than the power clean from the knee (87.92 ± 16.85 kg, p=0.04, Cohens d = 0.35) and the mid-thigh power clean (87.33 ± 16.43 kg, p=0.02, Cohens d = 0.53). There was no significant difference between the power clean from the knee and mid-thigh power clean (p>0.05, Cohens d = 0.15). Coefficient of determination between the power clean and the power clean performed from the knee (R2 = 0.923) and mid-thigh power clean (R2 = 0.923) were high. Conclusion: From the findings of this study, when maximal load is required, the power clean from the floor permits the use of the greatest load, which can be used to predict the 1RM of the other variations. Moreover, when determining changes in performance in each variation of the lift, changes ≥6.14%, ≥7.18% and ≥7.66% for the power clean, power clean from the knee and power clean from mid-thigh, respectively, can be considered meaningful changes.

著者

Julia C. Blumkaitis Christopher L. Sandefur Christopher A. Fahs Lindy M. Rossow

出版者

Active Aging Research Center

雑誌

Journal of Trainology (ISSN:21865264)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.2, pp.38-42, 2016-08-25 (Released:2016-11-16)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1 1

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Objective: Both anaerobic and aerobic factors contribute to distance running performance. How these factors relate to middle and long distance running performance in National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) runners has not been previously determined. The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between anaerobic and aerobic assessments and two season best race times (800 m and 8 km) in NAIA runners participating in track and cross-country at a small Midwestern American college. Design: This study employed a cross-sectional design. Data was collected from a lab visit as well as from season best running times. Methods: 11 subjects (f = 4) completed a graded exercise test for VO2max and ventilatory threshold assessment, a 40 m sprint, a standing long jump, and a vertical jump. Correlations were performed between 800 m and 8 km season bests and the afore mentioned tests. Results: 800 m run time correlated only with VO2max (r = -.600; p = .044). 8 km run time correlated most strongly with vertical jump height (r = -.823; p = .011) but also with 40 m sprint (r = .704; p = .039) and VO2max (r = -.670; p = .047). Conclusions: Anaerobic and aerobic contributions to season best race times in NAIA runners were slightly different than expected based on previous work in different populations. This information may be useful for NAIA track and cross-country coaches interested in determining tests that best relate to running performance in their athletes.

著者

Christi Brewer Dwight Waddell

出版者

Active Aging Research Center

雑誌

Journal of Trainology (ISSN:21865264)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.2, pp.45-52, 2012-12-14 (Released:2015-05-04)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

2 2

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Prostaglandins are a diverse group of eicosanoid hormones that modulate various processes, many of which are related to inflammation. Due to this, prostaglandins are the target of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor drugs. Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) mediates processes integral to successful skeletal muscle regeneration, roles elucidated through suppression of its production with various COX-inhibitors. Objective: To provide a comprehensive review of literature regarding roles for the COX-metabolite PGF2α in skeletal muscle regeneration and consequences of its suppression with COX-inhibitors. Design: Systematic review. Method: Recognition was given to early in vitro studies that first established roles for PGF2α in two specific regenerative processes, and attention was then directed to human experiments investigating the PGF2α response to aerobic and resistance exercise. Results: PGF2α mediates protein synthesis and satellite cell activity post-injury. Although methodological differences exist between experiments, research has unanimously demonstrated COX-mediated suppression of PGF2α diminishes these regenerative processes. Conclusions: All experiments in humans have been acute exercise interventions. Studies involving repeated exercise and repeated administration of COX-inhibitors seem warranted to determine if chronic use impedes skeletal muscle regeneration after exercise. Such a finding may hold serious implications for recreational athletes, patients, and clinicians managing musculoskeletal pain or diseases with regular use of COX-inhibitors.

著者

Paul D. Loprinzi

出版者

Active Aging Research Center

雑誌

Journal of Trainology (ISSN:21865264)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.1, pp.12-16, 2022-05-30 (Released:2022-06-15)

参考文献数

27

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Objective: To provide a brief overview of the literature evaluating the individual and combined effects of cognitive and physical (exercise) training on cognitive function. Design and Methods: An overview review approach was employed. Results: Cognitive and physical training, and their combination, can improve various cognitive outcomes (e.g., memory) in several adult populations (e.g., healthy older adults, older adults with mild cognitive impairment). These effects, howev er, are influenced by several factors, such as the setting in which the training occurs (e.g., supervised or home-based), the type of combined training (e.g., physical-cognitive, motor-cognitive, multi-domain), and the type of comparison/con trol group utilized. Conclusions: Combining cognitive and physical exercise together in a training program may yield improvements in cogni tive function.

著者

Robert S. Thiebaud Jeremy P. Loenneke Takashi Abe

出版者

Active Aging Research Center

雑誌

Journal of Trainology (ISSN:21865264)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.1, pp.1-5, 2014-01-07 (Released:2015-05-04)

参考文献数

57

被引用文献数

3 6

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of death in the United States and results in a significant reduction in lung function and exercise tolerance. In addition, there is a significant decline in muscle mass and strength in these individuals. Unfortunately, other comorbidities associated with this disease such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis and obesity may prevent them from exercising at sufficiently high loads to promote muscle hypertrophy. Also, acute exacerbations may prevent them from performing exercise at all. Objectives: This brief review will discuss the potential benefits of using blood flow restriction (BFR) when combined with walking, resistance training and electrical stimulation in COPD patients and possible safety concerns. Design and Methods: Non-systematic review. Results: BFR improves muscle size and function when combined with low-intensity walking or low-load resistance training. This treatment appears to be safe and has been used by many different populations including individuals with ischaemic heart disease. For COPD patients who are contraindicated to perform exercise, a potential treatment may be to combine neuromuscular electrical stimulation with BFR. Conclusions: BFR appears to be a potential treatment for increasing strength and muscle mass for COPD patients when high intensity exercise may not be tolerated. In addition, BFR may provide benefits for COPD patients who are unable to exercise by combining it with neuromuscular electrical stimulation.

著者

Danny Lum Kelvin Chua Abdul Rashid Aziz

出版者

Active Aging Research Center

雑誌

Journal of Trainology (ISSN:21865264)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.2, pp.54-59, 2020-11-02 (Released:2020-11-30)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

6

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Objectives: The relationship between force-time characteristics obtained from isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) and endurance running performance has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between force-time characteristics obtained from IMTP with indicators of endurance running performance. Design and Methods: Participants attended a familiarisation session to be familiarised with all testing protocols. Subsequently, they completed the IMTP and a 2.4-km run time trial (2.4-kmTT) on the first testing session. Post 48-72 h of the first session, they then performed a running economy (RE) test at 12 km.h‒1 and graded exercise test on the second testing session. Results: Significant inverse correlations between all IMTP measures and 2.4kmTT was observed (r = -0.53 to -0.78, p < 0.01). Similarly, all IMTP measures were significantly correlated to maximal aerobic speed (r = 0.38 to 0.66, p < 0.05) except Force at 150 ms. There were significant correlations between IMTP peak force, net peak force and rate of force development (0-150 ms) with lower limb stiffness (r = 0.41 to 0.49, p < 0.05). Force at 100 ms and all rate of force development measures were significantly correlated to RE (r = -0.44 to -0.68, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Findings showed that measures obtained from IMTP are good indicators of endurance running performance and can provide insights into the force generating capability required by endurance runners. In addition, the significant correlations between strength measures and running performance suggest that muscular strength may be an important determinant of running performance.

著者

Christopher Thomas Paul Comfort Chieh-Ying Chiang Paul A. Jones

出版者

Active Aging Research Center

雑誌

Journal of Trainology (ISSN:21865264)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.1, pp.6-10, 2015-02-16 (Released:2015-03-16)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

36 78

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Objectives: The aim of this investigation was to assess the use of isometric strength testing as a determinant of sprint and change of direction performance in collegiate athletes. Design and Methods: Fourteen male collegiate athletes (mean ± SD; age = 21 ± 2.4 years; height =176 ± 9.0 cm; body mass = 72.8 ± 9.4 kg) participated in the study. Maximal strength was assessed via an isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP). Isometric mid-thigh pull testing involved trials with peak force (IPF), maximum rate of force development (mRFD), impulse at 100 ms (IP 100) and 300 ms (IP 300) determined. Sprint and COD performance was measured using 5- and 20-m sprint performance, and a modified 505 test. Relationships between variables (IMTP, sprint and COD) were analysed using Pearson’s product – moment correlation. Results: Results suggest that IP 300 displayed the strongest relationships with 5- and 20-m sprint performance (r = −0.51 and −0.54, respectively). The results demonstrate maximum force production measures during IMTP correlate to sprint and COD ability in collegiate athletes. Conclusion: Isometric mid-thigh pull force-time measures are related to athletic performance (acceleration and sprinting), and thus are recommended for use in athlete monitoring and assessment.

著者

Chris Bailey Kimitake Sato Ryan Alexander Chieh-Ying Chiang Michael H. Stone

出版者

Active Aging Research Center

雑誌

Journal of Trainology (ISSN:21865264)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.1, pp.1-5, 2013-04-24 (Released:2015-05-04)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

49 50

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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between isometric force production symmetry and jumping performance in weighted and un-weighted static and countermovement jumps (SJ and CMJ). Design: Bivariate correlation between isometric force production symmetry and vertical jump performance variables. Methods: Collegiate athletes were evaluated for this study (n=36). Subjects performed SJ, CMJ, and isometric mid-thigh pulls (IMTP). Jumps were analyzed for jump height (JH) and peak power (PP). IMTP was analyzed for peak force (PF) for left and right sides, and values were calculated to produce a peak force symmetry index (PF-SI) score. Correlational statistics were performed examining the relationship between PF-SI and jump variables. Results: Moderate statistically significant negative correlations were observed between PF-SI and all jump variables, indicating that as asymmetry increases jump performance decreases. SJ correlations weakened in weighted conditions (JH r=-0.52 @ 0 kg/r=-0.39 @ 20 kg, PP r=-0.43 @ 0 kg/r=-0.34 @ 20 kg), but CMJ produced similar correlations for both conditions (JH r=-0.47 @ 0 kg/r=-0.49 @ 20 kg, PP r=-0.28 @ 0 kg/r=-0.34 @ 20 kg). Unlike the SJ, which only contains the propulsive or concentric portion of the jump, the CMJ also contains the eccentric portion and performance contributions of the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC). The addition of the SSC may play a role in the maintaining the magnitude of asymmetry in the CMJ weighted condition. Conclusions: The results indicate that force production asymmetry may be detrimental to bilateral vertical jumping performance. The findings should be considered for further investigation on sport-specific tasks.

著者

Paulo H. Barbosa Júlio B. B. de Camargo Tiago V. Braz Luan O. Col Marcelo S. Aoki Paulo H. Marchetti Jonato Prestes Charles R. Lopes

出版者

Active Aging Research Center

雑誌

Journal of Trainology (ISSN:21865264)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.1, pp.1-4, 2023-01-10 (Released:2023-01-22)

参考文献数

14

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Objective: The aims of this study were to: 1) quantify the weekly volume of sets prescribed for each muscle group of the lower limbs in recreationally-trained women; 2) assess the association between resistance training experience and the weekly volume. Design and Methods: The training programs of 1019 recreationally-trained women subjects were analyzed. Data was ana lyzed for the following lower limb muscle groups: quadriceps femoris, knee flexors, hip adductors, gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, triceps surae, and tibialis anterior. A k-cluster analysis was performed to subdivide the weekly volume of sets into 3 groups (low, medium, and high). Results: A significant difference in RT experience (years) and weekly frequency was observed between the 3 groups. For relative (%) weekly volume of sets, a larger number was noted for quadriceps femoris (34.29%), followed by gluteus maximus (28.57%), knee flexors (11.43%), and hip adductors, gluteus medius and triceps surae (all 8.57%). A moderate correlation was observed between RT experience and AVS (rs = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.50 to 0.59; p = 0.001) and a strong correlation between weekly frequency and AVS (rs = 0.73; 95% CI = 0.69 to 0.75; p = 0.001). Conclusion: In conclusion, strength coaches usually prescribe high weekly volumes of sets for lower limb muscle groups. Additionally, a higher weekly volume of sets was prescribed for the quadriceps femoris and gluteus maximus muscles when compared to the knee flexors. This results suggest that training experience positively correlates with to the absolute weekly volume of sets.

著者

Samuel L. Buckner Tayla E. Kuehne Noam Yitzchaki Wenyuan G. Zhu Megan N. Humphries Jeremy P. Loenneke

出版者

Active Aging Research Center

雑誌

Journal of Trainology (ISSN:21865264)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.1, pp.5-8, 2019-04-28 (Released:2019-06-14)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

12 16

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The generality of strength suggests that a “strong” individual will typically exhibit higher values of strength across a wide range of strength tasks for a given muscle relative to their weaker counterpart. This concept is often extended to adaptation, suggesting that increasing strength on a given movement or strength task with a given muscle should reflect an increase in other movements or tasks using that same muscle. The concept of a generality of strength adaptation appears less supported in the literature. Objective: To elaborate on recommendations for strength assessment, providing a focus on the “generality of strength” and the “generality of strength adaptation.”Design & Methods: We reviewed the literature on a generality of strength. In addition, we examined the resistance training lit erature to provide evidence and discussion on a generality of strength adaptation. Results/Conclusions: The generality of strength adaptation, even across strength skills using the same muscle on related movements seems quite low. Although some studies show a weak generality of strength adaptation and others show no generality of strength adaptation, it appears that increases in strength diminish as the strength assessment becomes farther removed from the actual training stimulus.

著者

George K. Beckham Hugh S. Lamont Kimitake Sato Michael W. Ramsey Gregory Haff G. Michael H. Stone

出版者

Active Aging Research Center

雑誌

Journal of Trainology (ISSN:21865264)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.2, pp.32-35, 2012-11-12 (Released:2015-05-04)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

22 35

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Objectives: To determine if force differences exist between isometric pulling positions corresponding to key positions of the deadlift. Design: Cross-sectional evaluation of isometric strength Methods: 14 powerlifters performed isometric pulls on a force plate at 3 key positions related to the deadlift (at the floor, just above the patella, and 5-6 cm short of lockout) and in the mid thigh pull position (MTP). A 1x4 repeated measures ANOVA was used to ascertain differences between the various pulling positions tested. Bonferroni-adjusted paired samples t-tests were used post-hoc. Results: Forces generated at each bar height were significantly different (F(3,39) = 51.058, p<0.05, η2=0.80). Paired samples t-tests showed significant differences between positions, revealing a trend of greater force generation at increasing heights for positions corresponding to the deadlift. Force generated in the mid thigh pull position was significantly higher than any other position. Conclusion: In positions corresponding to the deadlift, force generation increases at higher bar heights.

著者

David J. Cornell Stacy L. Gnacinski Miranda H. Langford Jason Mims Kyle T. Ebersole

出版者

Active Aging Research Center

雑誌

Journal of Trainology (ISSN:21865264)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.1, pp.11-14, 2015-03-02 (Released:2015-05-20)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

3 4

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Objectives: To examine the relationships between performance during a backward overhead medicine ball (BOMB) throw and measures of countermovement jump (CMJ) performance among firefighter candidates. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Forty-three firefighter candidates volunteered to participate in this study (age = 28.1 ± 7.1 yrs; height = 180.6 ± 6.0 cm; weight = 88.6 ± 12.3 kg). Bivariate Pearson correlations were used to examine the relationship between BOMB throw performance (m/kg) and measures of CMJ performance, including: peak CMJ height (cm/kg), peak CMJ force output (N/kg), peak CMJ velocity (cm/sec/kg), and peak CMJ power output (W/kg). Results: Statistically significant (p < 0.05) correlations were identified between: BOMB throw and peak CMJ height (r = 0.693, p < 0.001), peak CMJ force output (r = 0.349, p = 0.022), and peak CMJ velocity (r = 0.477, p < 0.001). Although significant relationships were identified between BOMB throw performance and several of CMJ performance measures, BOMB throw performance accounted for little of the total variance between these measures (R2 = 7–48%). Furthermore, the relationship between BOMB throw and peak CMJ power output was not statistically significant (r = 0.292, p = 0.057). Conclusions: These results imply that the BOMB throw lacks criterion-reference validity to other standard field-based measures of power output. Thus, practitioners should exhibit caution when utilizing the BOMB throw to assess power out put among firefighter candidates. In addition, future research should examine the criterion-reference validity of other field-expedient assessments among firefighter candidates and active-duty firefighters.