著者

竹ノ上 ケイ子 佐藤 珠美 辻 恵子

出版者

日本助産学会

雑誌

日本助産学会誌 = Journal of Japan Academy of Midwifery (ISSN:09176357)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.2, pp.8-21, 2006-10-02 (Released:2013-08-09)

被引用文献数

1

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目 的 自然流産後夫婦の関係変化とその要因を明らかにし,夫婦を対象としたケアの方向性,援助方法を考案する基礎資料とする。方 法 自然流産後3か月から2年経過し,掲示やホームページによる公募に応じた夫婦を対象とし,後方視による関係変化についての記述内容をデータとして,質的,帰納的に内容分析を行った。結 果 166名(男性14名,女性152名)が,流産後の夫婦関係の変化内容を記述し,その内容177件をデータとした。夫婦関係の変化内容として【個の成長・成熟と夫婦関係のよい循環過程】,【親密な良い関係のさらなる向上】,【関係の深化と発展】という3つのポジティブな変化と【希薄な悪い関係のさらなる悪化】,【関係の断絶と破綻】という2つのネガティブな変化が得られた。 ネガティブ変化にかかわる要因として【事実誤認と相互理解の困難】,【配偶者を負の方向で評価】,【悲哀のプロセスの共有困難】,【普段の夫婦関係が希薄】,【子どもを持つことについての感情や思考のすれ違い】,【性生活の困難】,【夫婦としての存在意味喪失】の7つが得られた。 ポジティブ変化にかかわる要因として【適切な事実認識】,【配偶者の肯定的評価】,【自己開示と自己確認】,【悲哀のプロセス共有】,【関係向上への努力】,【親としての自覚と努力】の6つが得られた。結 論 流産は衝撃的な対象(胎児)喪失体験であり,危機的状況を引き起こす重大なストレス因子であること,夫婦関係創成期,家族創成期に困難を連続して体験すること,親になる意思確認や夫婦,あるいは家族であることの確認の機会であること,正しい事実認識や悲哀のプロセス共有が危機的状況を乗り越える鍵となり,個と夫婦の発達を促す契機にもなり得るが,反対に感情や思考のすれ違いが生じやすく,関係の断絶と破綻も生じやすいことが示唆された。 PurposeThe aim of this study was to explore the ways miscarriage can alter a couple's marital relationship and its related factors.MethodA qualitative, contextual analysis was conducted of 166 subjects--women who had miscarried from three months to two years earlier and their spouses. They were recruited by notices on bulletin board at women's centers, through an Internet Web Site, and through acquaintances. An open-ended question, “How did the miscarriage alter/ affect your relationship?” was asked on questionnaires. 14 males and 152 females responded, describing changes in their relationship after miscarriage. The descriptions were coded into 177 data, which were grouped and analyzed using inductive and contextual methods.ResultsThe contents were compiled into five categories: two negative changes-a worsening of a shallow relation and the aggravation and breakdown of the relation; and three positive changes-better cycle of the development and maturing of each person as an individual and as a couple; a deepening and evolving of each couple’s relation; and aimprovement of intimate relations. Eight factors were involved in the negative changes: a) mutual misunderstanding of the difficulties encountered; b) a negative judgment of one’s spouse; c) an inability to share the mourning process; d) a continued shallow marital relationship; e) a decrease in communication; f) a lack of agreement on the desirability of having a child; g) sexual difficulties; and h) a general doubting of the value of remaining as a couple. Seven factors were involved in the positive changes: a) strengthening of the couple's bond by sharing the difficulty;b) a recognition of the miscarriage and his/her spouse's reaction; c) a positive evaluation of his/her spouse; d) an open-mindedness to the partner and reconfirmation of his/her own feelings toward the partner; e) a sharing of the mourning process; f) an affirmation of and commitment to improve the marital relationship; and g) a selfawareness and striving for being a parent.ConclusionThese results reconfirmed that a miscarriage is a major stress factor which can cause a crisis in a marital relationship. They also suggest that the ways that women and men face the miscarriage and faced themselves and whether they share the mourning process relates to the development of the relationship. The data also suggeststhat a miscarriage lets the couple confirm whether they want to have a child or not. Finally, the data suggests that a miscarriage, if encountered positively, can help the couple grow from growth into an existential humanistic relationship.