著者

Yasuhide Iwata Shigeyuki Yamamoto Ikuo Tooyama Shu Takagai Kiyokazu Takebayashi Norio Mori

出版者

Japan Brain Science society

雑誌

脳科学誌 (ISSN:13415301)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, pp.16-27, 2011 (Released:2017-06-01)

参考文献数

31

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The numbers of brain tumors survivors who receive whole-brain irradiation (WBI) develop progressive cognitive dysfunction. WBI-induced decrease in neurogenesis in hippocampus is involved in the delayed cognitive impairment. Considerable data suggests that the continuous suppression of neurogenesis may be due to the activated microglia. To clarify the mechanisms of the radiation-induced deficits in cognitive function, we studied an early response of the hippocampal proliferating cells to the WBI. Adult cynomolgus monkeys received fractionated WBI with the total dose of 15Gy and 30Gy. The animals were administrated with BrdU to label proliferating cells five days after the WBI and sacrificed on the next day. The density of proliferating cells in the hippocampus was significantly increased (ANOVA, F=23, df=2, 9, p=0.0003). Comparing to the sham-irradiation, proliferation were elevated by 6.3 and 12.6 times with 15Gy and 30Gy, respectively. However, there is no BrdU (+) cells co-labeled with Iba1, which is a marker of microglia. The radiation-induced cell proliferation in the hippocampus may play a contributory role in the pathogenesis of late delayed cognitive dysfunction after the WBI.

著者

Rei Wake Tsuyoshi Miyaoka Kazunori Kawakami Motohide Furuya Masa Ieda Liaury Kristian Keiko Tsuchie Akira Nishida Takuji Inagaki Jun Horiguchi

出版者

Japan Brain Science society

雑誌

脳科学誌 (ISSN:13415301)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, pp.4-17, 2011-03-30 (Released:2017-06-01)

参考文献数

39

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Objective: We attempted to identify the locus of cerebral blood flow reduction to clarify the functional neuroanatomical basis of the first-episode schizophrenia. A secondary objective was to evaluate the diagnostic value a new analytical program, easy Z-score Imaging System (eZIS). Method: We performed single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with 99-Tc-ethyl cysteinate dimmer (^<99m>Tc-ECD) of the brains of patients with the first-episode schizophrenia (n=30) and normal controls (n=37) and evaluated the diagnostic value of brain perfusion SPECT using eZIS on patients with schizophrenia. Result: In comparison with normal controls, the patients with schizophrenia were found to have reduced blood flow in bilateral frontal and temporal areas. Conclusion: In our study, patients with the first-episode schizophrenia appeared to have significant bilateral fronto-temporal hypoperfusion. Demonstration of abnormality of frontal and temporal lobe blood flow may assist in the diagnosis of schizophrenia and determination of appropriate treatment for individuals with schizophrenia.

著者

Kikuko Nagao Mitsuru Kikuchi Gerard B. Remijn Yoshio Minabe Shoichi Koizumi Haruhiro Higashida Toshio Munesue

出版者

Japan Brain Science society

雑誌

脳科学誌 (ISSN:13415301)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, pp.18-31, 2011-03-30 (Released:2017-06-01)

参考文献数

21

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Objective: This study examined the correlations between the development of cognitive/behavioral skills, and spontaneous magnetoencephalogram (MEG) in 3-4-year-old healthy children. Although MEG is non-invasive and easier for applying to infants, there has been no previous study relating cognitive/behavioral development of preschool children with MEG data. Methods: The cognitive skills were evaluated by the Japanese adaptation of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC). The behavioral skills were assessed by Pervasive Developmental Disorders Autism Society Japan Rating Scale (PARS). Spontaneous brain activity was measured from 52 children (23 male subjects and 29 female subjects) in an eye-closed condition. Results: The power spectral densities were calculated from the MEG data. We found frequency-band correlations between the power spectral densities and some cognitive/behavioral scores for the eye-closed condition. In female subjects, there was a significant negative relationship between cognitive skill scores and the theta power spectral density of the frontal/temporal area. In male subjects, there was a significant negative relationship between the maladaptive behavior score and the beta power spectral density of the frontal/central area. Conclusions: These results demonstrate interesting differences in the cognitive/behavioral development between 3-4-year-old males and females. We are continuing further research especially focused on maladaptive behaviors, including Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD) symptoms, and related gender differences.