著者

IIZUKA Ryo

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.2, pp.105-106, 2011-03-30 (Released:2011-05-26)

著者

LIU Yungang TAN Yuwen NAKAZAWA Takashi

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.1, pp.1-15, 2011 (Released:2011-12-03)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

3 5

---

In this paper, we describe and analyze the characteristics of the daily activities and living spaces of Japanese expatriates in Guangzhou, China. Our findings are based on data we generated through a survey questionnaire and interviews. As a result of Japanese transnational companies' intense direct investment in China and the personnel rotation systems within the internal labor market, many Japanese citizens have been relocated to Guangzhou. Japanese expatriates in Guangzhou are mainly managers or technical transferees, middle aged, male, and highly educated. On average, most stay in China for several years, and display the characteristics typical of a sojourner. In contemporary Guangzhou, eight Japanese “agglomeration spots” have been created. Japanese expatriates tend to concentrate in specific apartment complexes or residential lots within these agglomerations. They enjoy high-quality ambiance and spacious rooms with various services. The chief criteria employed when selecting their homes include the quality of the property, convenience in terms of traffic, onsite services and amenities, a beautiful environment, and being located within Japanese communities. The everyday lives of Japanese migrants unfold within a limited territory and these expatriates are relatively isolated from the host society. They shop, dine, and receive various services mainly at familiar Japanese-oriented facilities. They tend to live in their own Japanese-style small communities, without interacting with the host society. The abovementioned findings seem to have much in common with the situation of Japanese expatriates in other cities: residential areas are segregated from local citizens, and the self-sufficient living spaces built for them add to their isolation.

著者

ISHIKAWA Yoshitaka

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.1, pp.1-14, 2010-09-30 (Released:2010-10-10)

参考文献数

55

被引用文献数

1 2

---

This paper explores the roles of matchmaking agencies (MAs) in international marriages in contemporary Japan by identifying them from such sources as Yahoo Japan's website, telephone directory, and a website of international marriage agencies. With the selected agencies, in-depth interview surveys were conducted, and the following findings were obtained. Many MAs started matchmaking services due to their own personal experiences with international marriage. For Japanese men, the main motivation for international marriage is the difficulty of finding Japanese women to marry. Regarding the spatial distribution of Japanese clients, there is an obvious distance-decay tendency: the shorter the distance from a particular MA office, the more clients. MAs provide various kinds of advice about preparing documents to help foreign wives of Japanese clients acquire spouse visas. Although many MAs are conscientious, they are wary of unscrupulous agencies. Furthermore, based on interviews with immigration officials, at least one-third of all international marriages registered in Japan are agency-based marriages. These results suggest that the significance of MAs needs to be favorably evaluated in the context of Japan's current population, which started to decline in 2005. Foreign brides as new residents might obtain permanent residence status in Japan and should be supported by national and local governments.

著者

YAGASAKI Noritaka FUKASE Kozo

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.1, pp.15-31, 2010-09-30 (Released:2010-10-10)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

2 2

---

The Los Angeles Metropolitan Area is typified by such geographic features as rapid urbanization, a high population concentration, dynamic industrial development, and ethnic-cultural diversity. It is also the home of many Japanese nationals and Japanese Americans, who have participated in the growth of the metropolis and have contributed to the formation of its regional character. With respect to the areas known as Gardena and Torrance, which are characterized by urban sprawl, the existence of a large Japanese population, and Japanese engagement in farming, land use changes were examined from the beginning of the twentieth century through to approximately 2007. The Japanese began cultivating strawberries in Gardena by initially leasing small tracts of farmland without competing with local Caucasian farmers who specialized in other crops. Strawberries therefore existed as a niche crop for Japanese immigrants up until the end of the 1910s. Due to the fact that Japanese farmers were successful at cultivating vegetables up to the outbreak of the Japan-US war, the kinds of farming practiced therefore underwent diversification. Following the end of the war, vegetable production declined, however, whereas the nursery and gardening industries prospered in response to increasing urban development. At the same time, the Japanese population rose dramatically in Gardena due to the suburbanization of the Japanese population. Following the 1980s, the number of nurseries began to decline; yet, direct investment by the Japanese increased, leading to changes to both the local Japanese economy and the communities of Gardena and Torrance. The process by which these changes occurred was documented and the consequent pattern of land use was analyzed using aerial photographs and field observations. At present, Japanese farming can only be found in small scattered nurseries including those located beneath high voltage power transmission lines and at the site of the Torrance Municipal Airport. The Japanese farming landscape that survives today is clearly a leftover from a successful past, whereas more recent Japanese involvement has provided a new distinctiveness to the Gardena and Torrance areas.

著者

PARK Sookyung

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.1, pp.32-46, 2010-09-30 (Released:2010-10-10)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

1 2

---

Assessments of telemedicine from a geographical perspective have generated a variety of opinions with regard to its distribution and optimal spatial organization. Such discussions are associated with the fundamental question of health care, in other words, the balance between equity and efficiency in health care services. Accordingly, these discussions are concerned with the extent to how telemedicine can complement insufficient medical services (equity) and how telemedicine plays a role in making a profit for patients or medical institutions (efficiency). Within such contexts, it is stipulated that telemedicine in Korea and Japan aims to promote regional health care and has emerged on basis for each diagnostic area controlled at a tertiary-care level. In spite of its significance and the rise of informatization in health care, few have attempted to address telemedicine in geography. Therefore, this paper presents arguments on the geographical characteristics related to two aspects of telemedicine—distribution and network—in Korea and Japan and explores each telemedicine operation through two cases. For the most part, the medical institutions involved with telemedicine in Korea are distributed in Kyunggi (the central part of Korea as the metropolitan area). As for Japanese telemedicine, the medical institutions supplying and receiving telemedicine are mainly located in the northern and southern parts of Japan, but not in metropolitan areas. Regarding telemedicine networks, the nationwide medical institutions receiving telemedicine are considerably involved with the medical institutions providing telemedicine in Kyunggi. Contrary to the Korean case, the Japanese telemedicine networks are based in each diagnostic area and are controlled at a tertiary care level. Moreover, some of the outlying Japanese telemedicine networks lack strong referral relationships with metropolitan areas, unlike those in Korea. Therefore, it is not an oversimplification to say that the geographic characteristics of telemedicine in Korea and Japan can be summarized as “centralized” and “decentralized,” respectively. The differences in their traditional health care systems and development processes and the distinctions regarding how telemedicine is used as well as the knowledge of patients and medical workers all have a significant effect on such geographical characteristics. Accordingly, the geographical phenomena of telemedicine are influenced not only by technological aspects but also social and medical circumstances.

著者

YOSHIDA Hidetsugu SUGAI Toshihiko

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.1, pp.64-72, 2010-09-30 (Released:2010-10-10)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

3 4

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Debris avalanche hummocks are created by catastrophic volcanic sector collapses. The paucity of quantitative data on their orientation relative to the debris avalanche direction has caused conflicting views among researchers. We evaluated hummock orientation in the Zenkoji debris avalanche deposits at Usu volcano, Japan. Our results show that hummocks within the upper part of the main depositional area, the axial band leading directly from the source to the central extremity of the debris avalanche deposits, tend to be aligned perpendicular to the presumed flow direction. However, hummock alignment varied systematically along the longitudinal path. Although hummocks close to the source were oriented perpendicular to the flow direction, we noted a gradual transition to a parallel orientation with increasing distance from the source. At the same time, hummocks had arisen on compression-dominated features of the debris avalanche surfaces in the marginal areas. These observations are consistent with the following scenario of the debris avalanche movement. To begin with, the origin is explainable for some large-scale hummocks near the source as below. At the moment of collapse, a small number of normal faults develop perpendicular to the landsliding direction, generating a series of ridges and grabens. Then, the alignment of the other hummocks was given rise to by an extensional regime as the runout distance increased and the lateral constraints on the erosional path near the volcano disappeared. As the longitudinal velocity increased further with respect to lateral velocity, hummocks became more strongly aligned at such distances from the proximal area. On the other hand, more-scattered orientations of hummocks have been observed in the marginal areas. This is probably because they were originated from the sediments pushed out of the main flow instead of being transported by the most direct way from the source.

著者

SAITO Hitoshi

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.1, pp.73-74, 2010-09-30 (Released:2010-10-10)

著者

HAYASHI Takuya

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.1, pp.75-76, 2010-09-30 (Released:2010-10-10)

参考文献数

5

著者

FUJINAGA Go

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.2, pp.137-148, 2010-03-30 (Released:2010-05-20)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1 1

---

This research analyzes the spatial characteristics of rural Japanese communities under post-productivism, with particular emphasis on their educational functions. More specifically, it focuses on experience-based learning about agriculture, forestry and fishery industries. This type of learning is linked with dietary education, environmental education and aesthetic education, whose importance has been highlighted in recent years, in the context of education farm. The study takes two elementary schools in Saga City as examples, and examines the specific nature of their education farm activities, and their relationships with the local area. Most education farm activities in Japan are carried out at educational institutions such as schools. Therefore, in most cases such farm-related educational activities are conducted for local children, taking the school district as the basic unit. The materials and personnel used in these activities are of course mainly procured from within the local area. In other words, the instructional materials used by these programs are human resources primarily drawn from residents who have worked in the agriculture, forestry, and fishery industries, and the land resources which are the basis of their livelihood. In contemporary Japanese rural communities which are experiencing depopulation, aging, and declining educational capabilities, the use of the rural community space as a new regional resource that is different from economic consumption has great significance for developing new educational functions through educational institutions like schools.

著者

MEGURO Ushio

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.2, pp.167-183, 2010-03-30 (Released:2010-05-20)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

2

---

This paper aims to clarify a unique phase in the job-searching process of Japanese-Indonesians residing in Oarai, Ibaraki, Japan. Social network analyses are employed to explain their job-changing strategies, and the social capital theory is applied to interpret members' roles. This paper focuses on Japanese-Minahasan workers from North Sulawesi, Indonesia, who have recently become a dominant group of foreign residents in Oarai. After settling in Japan, Japanese-Minahasans—many of whom are descendants of fishermen from Okinawa and of Japanese soldiers who went over to the northern part of Sulawesi Island before and during World War II—often try to change their jobs from the fishery industry to electric machinery etc., seeking higher wages. Social capital theories revealed that two patterns of social network were influential in their job-changes: networks with undocumented workers who have useful job information in Japan, and those with the heads of their household who themselves remain in Oarai and would give family members helpful advice, and places to return. In the job-searching strategies, Oarai serves as a “bastion” for their spatial expansion. This diffusion of Japanese-Minahasans throughout Japan represents a combination of the mutual support system and market-oriented migration system, which is unique and unprecedented in migration system studies in Japan.

著者

SAKAGAMI Nobuo

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.2, pp.184-195, 2010-03-30 (Released:2010-05-20)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

2 3

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Cenococcum geophilum Fr. is one of the most frequently encountered mycorrhizal fungi in nature. It reveals tolerance to low pH and forms abundant number of sclerotia. In this study, distribution of sclerotia of C. geophilum was investigated in a single stand forest of Picea abies, Harz mountains, Germany to analyze their forming factors. Surface soil samples were collected to examine density of sclerotia based on weight and count of grains, soil pH(H2O, KCl), content of exchangeable aluminum, total carbon and nitrogen, and humification degree based on melanic index and Pg index. Elemental composition of sclerotia was examined by SEM-EDS analysis. 14C age of sclerotia was determined by AMS measurement. The averages of sclerotia density by weight and counts throughout all points were 0.54 mg g−1 and 1.3 count g−1, respectively. The distributional correspondence of sclerotia to micro-topography was not clear and demonstrated the formation of sclerotia as a nearly constant phenomenon in the investigated forest soil. However, a large amount of sclerotia tended to distribute in soils with scarce floor vegetation. Content of exchangeable aluminum in soil was an effective factor on accelerating formation of large sclerotia and Al and Fe content in sclerotia were likely to increase in lower pH soils. The existence of sclerotia in forest soil may stand as an indicator of soil chemical properties such as strong acidity and high Al3+ content.

著者

SAKAKIBARA Yasushi NARITA Goshin

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.2, pp.196-204, 2010-03-30 (Released:2010-05-20)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1 3

---

During 2003, temperature distributions were observed 69 times in two types of residential areas in Imaihara, Nagano Prefecture, Japan. Both high and low building areas were warmer than the rural area at night. But a cool island appeared only in the high building area in the daytime. The maximum nocturnal heat island intensity occurred not at a calm condition but at the wind speed of about 1 m/s. In addition the wind speed in which the maximum heat island occurred in the high building area was larger than that in the low building area. The urban surface indices of the high and low building areas showed only small differences in the sky view factor and building/ land ratio but large differences in the floor-area ratio. Floor area ratio related to heat island formation in this area.

著者

NAKAMURA Akifumi

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.2, pp.205-206, 2010-03-30 (Released:2010-05-20)

著者

YABE Naoto

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.2, pp.207-208, 2010-03-30 (Released:2010-05-20)

著者

Tom Waldichuk

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.2, pp.209-210, 2010-03-30 (Released:2010-05-20)

著者

Lidia SASAKI

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.1, pp.44-46, 2009-08-30 (Released:2009-10-07)

参考文献数

2

被引用文献数

1

著者

TSUTSUMI Jun

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.1, pp.47-48, 2009-08-30 (Released:2009-10-07)

著者

NIHEI Takaaki

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.2, pp.49-59, 2010-03-30 (Released:2010-05-20)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

3 2

---

This study examines the mechanism of commodification in regional paddy rice production by focusing on the development and adoption of new varieties of rice. By presenting cases of the Tohoku region—one of the main paddy rice-producing regions in Japan—the spatial distribution of new rice varieties after the 1990s is recapitulated as follows: (1) at the regional level, distinct regional differentiation appeared with the emergence of main rice varieties in each prefecture; (2) at the prefecture level, planted areas of paddy rice decreased and the percentage of the main rice variety increased; and (3) throughout the regional and prefectural levels, the naming of new rice varieties was simplified and generalized. In the process of development and distribution of the new varieties of paddy rice, some conditions are considered as the commodification of the paddy rice-producing centers: (1) corresponding with recent market demands, new varieties with good flavor were constantly bred and spread; (2) values of some of the new varieties increased by being designated as “regional brand-name varieties”; and (3) the primary new rice varieties were introduced simultaneously by individual farms according to marketing strategies developed by prefectural and municipal administrations and agricultural cooperatives. As for future proposals, the regional rice-producing centers will have to cooperate with small and medium-size enterprises that have the singular technology to produce new varieties. Agricultural subsidies to address the aging of farmers and increasing idle farmland are also needed.

著者

HAYASHI Takuya

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.2, pp.60-77, 2010-03-30 (Released:2010-05-20)

参考文献数

66

被引用文献数

1

---

This study attempted to clarify sustainable systems of agri-tourism in a cherry-growing area. In Sagae city, cherry picking was started in the latter half of the 1960s when some farmers received tourists through a travel company of Sendai city. Then, some farmers organized group for cherry picking and stepped up efforts to engage in agri-tourism. In the 1980s, a window of agri-tourism was included in the agricultural cooperative to correspond to tourism demand and to unify service and pricing of many pick-your-own farms. At cherry harvest time, the agricultural cooperative arranged for media to focus on the cherry of Sagae city and aimed at the new business development of market and the improvement of publicity. When cherry for direct selling was not enough, farms engaged in agri-tourism were supplied cherries through cherry shipment group of the agricultural cooperative. Thus, it was important that the farms which were engaged in agri-tourism maintained good relations with the other farms and with the agricultural cooperative. This research analyzed agri-tourism of the Miizumi area as a study of the most prosperous case. In the Miizumi area, there were a lot of opportunities and activities to improve cultivation technique of all farmers regardless of the difference of the sales system. This brought a tolerant atmosphere to enable sales through various distribution channels among farmers. In addition, high quality cherries that were supplied through various distribution channels improved the publicity as “cherry of Miizumi or Sagae” and, as a result, it had many effects on regional agriculture development. This shows one possibility for agri-tourism development in a large growing area.

著者

TAKAYANAGI Nagatada

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.2, pp.78-88, 2010-03-30 (Released:2010-05-20)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1 2

---

Rural landscapes attract many tourists in Japan. Urbanization improved exchange value of the rural landscape for urban consumers, resulting in this landscape became a commodity in the market. However, most rural economies in Japan face the challenge of the globalization and an aging population. This paper explores the process of commodification of a rural space where sunflowers were introduced as new crops for enhancing rural landscape. To achieve the research goal, this study empirically scrutinized the landscape in both the supply side and the demand side of the tourism. Sunflowers are neither native to Japan nor cash crops for post-productivist Japanese agriculture. The urban desire of the demand side is the prerequisite for the rural tourism, but most tourists do not care about the history, background, and authenticity, and therefore this landscape with sunflowers can be regard as a simulacrum. However, regional, agricultural, and political factors of the supply side also need to be constructed the landscape for rural tourism.