著者

FUJIBE Fumiaki MATSUMOTO Jun SUZUKI Hideto

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.92, no.2, pp.72-83, 2020-03-31 (Released:2020-03-31)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

2 5

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A series of statistical analyses are made to find the dependence of heat and cold mortalities on the temperature and economic states of municipalities in Japan, using vital statistics data for 18 years, from 1999 to 2016. A partial correlation analysis for 1,207 municipalities over the country has indicated that heat and cold mortalities are positively and negatively correlated with summer and winter temperatures, respectively, while they are both negatively correlated with annual income and positively correlated with municipality population. These features are essentially common to genders, age groups, and regions, and indicate that heat and cold mortalities depend on both climatic and socioeconomic factors. An additional analysis of 151 wards in Tokyo and 12 other government-designated cities has also shown a correlation between heat/cold mortality and income; in particular, exceptionally high mortality is found in some wards which have areas with poor living conditions.

著者

WATANABE Takumi SAKAUE Hiroaki OSAKA Yu OKADA Ryosuke

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.94, no.2, pp.49-64, 2021-12-25 (Released:2021-12-25)

参考文献数

108

被引用文献数

2

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This paper is a systematic review of scholarly articles published in Japan from 1989 to 2019 that discuss instruction regarding the formation of spatial cognition in the context of elementary school social studies. This study aims to examine the trends, transitions, and challenges of this field of research and clarify the backgrounds of these studies. Based on the results of the review, four research themes were determined: “objectives, principles, and curriculum,” “lesson design,” “maps and globes,” and “learning assessment.” For the continued development of this field, we assert the need for further research into (1) the construction of a lesson model that encourages participation in community development and its actual practices based on children’s formation of their worldview; (2) collaboration between researchers and teachers to investigate actual situations and obstacles to teaching and propose strategies for teacher competence development based on evidence; and (3) assessment of the relationships between geography, geography education, and social studies, and consideration of curricula and learning instruction with respect to the formation of children’s spatial cognition, via collaboration among researchers involved in these fields.

著者

NISHIHARA Jun

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.95, no.1, pp.1-20, 2022-06-30 (Released:2022-07-27)

参考文献数

69

被引用文献数

2

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The early 1990’s marked a turbulent period in Japan’s economic history. We reconstructed the non-aggregated data for 660,000 worker samples of the 1992 Employment Status Survey into the estimated data for all 64,000,000 workers in Japan using this government survey’s method and conducted unique analyses on the regional inequalities of worker incomes from the perspective of individual and regional disparities. The following results were obtained: (1) Clear individual income inequalities existed in accordance with the social attribute of workers framework. The gender-specific processes by which individual inequalities emerged were detected by the causal inference method. For women, great disadvantages were identified in income and employment status compared to men. (2) Particularly for men, clear regional income inequalities were found by the framework of zone/urban hierarchical systems. Regional factors for inequalities were formed by two kinds of effects: the regionally uneven distributions of workers with different social attributes/categories (compositional effects) and those of high-income workers within the same attributes/categories (hierarchical effects). (3) Analyzed by the Theil index, the component rates by the regional factors to the overall inequalities among workers were 6% for men and 3% for women. (4) By an experimental regression analysis for worker samples, about one third of the inequalities for men and women were explained by regional and social individual factors of workers. Over half of the variations of worker incomes were not explained by the regression model (probably caused by private individual factors of workers). Some contemporary meanings were found from this study for 1992.

著者

FUKUI Kotaro IIDA Hajime KOSAKA Tomoyoshi

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.94, no.2, pp.81-95, 2021-12-25 (Released:2021-12-25)

参考文献数

71

被引用文献数

2

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We conducted ground penetrating radar (GPR) soundings and geodetic surveys in four perennial snow patches (PSPs) in the northern Japanese Alps (NJA) and considered the possibility that they could be active glaciers. The Kakunezato and Ikenotan PSPs had large ice bodies (>30 m thick) and flow velocities greater than 2 m/a; hence, both PSPs were admissible as active glaciers. Kuranosuke PSP also had a large ice body (25 m thick) but a flow velocity of only 3 cm/a and, therefore, the PSP was admissible as an active glacier that had been shifting to a PSP. Hamaguriyuki PSP was not admissible as a glacier because there was no evidence of a flow under current conditions. As a result of this study and the work of Fukui and Iida (2012), a total of six PSPs in the NJA were admissible as active glaciers. We also investigated the climate conditions, mass balance, and surface area changes of the active glaciers in the NJA based on in situ measurements of air temperature, snow depth, and mass balance, as well as the interpretation of aerial photographs. We found that the mountain ridges of the Tateyama Mountains were slightly higher than the climatic equilibrium line altitude (ELA). Local topographic conditions that led to huge snow accumulations by avalanches were considered likely to alter significantly the ELA of each glacier in the NJA. The Kakunezato and Ikenotan PSPs lost only 12% and 16% of their surface areas between 1955 and 2016, respectively.

著者

NISHINO Toshiaki

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.2, pp.126-136, 2010-03-30 (Released:2010-05-20)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of this paper is to report the present conditions of the mountain villages in Japan and to offer viewpoints for regional policy. The traditional mountain village societies in Japan are rapidly aging because of the fact that the industries that have historically supported these villages—namely agriculture and forestry—are no longer relevant. The government increased taxes for supporting mountain villages in order to fund the constructions of roads and infrastructure projects for the region since 1970. However, revenue from the increased taxes was negatively offset by the continuing proportional decrease in population of the region, rendering the funds generally ineffective. My proposal to halt the economic recession of the mountain villages is to promote the forestry and agriculture industries directly to urban areas. This includes strategies and programs set up to enable the mountain villages to sell and distribute their products directly to urban regions.

著者

KAMIYA Hiroo LEE Chul Woo

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.1, pp.60-67, 2009-03-26 (Released:2009-03-26)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

10 26

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This paper considers the phenomenon of the increasing female marriage immigrants to rural areas and small and medium size towns in South Korea and Japan. The focus of our comparative analysis is to find the common patterns of international inflow migration in the two East Asian countries. Both countries have similar economic, social and cultural backgrounds; for instance, the widening income gap between rural areas and urban areas, and the decreasing fertility rate as a result of the accelerated economic development process in both countries are supposed to be the main causes of international marriage migration. In the second section, the current status of international marriage migration in South Korea and Japan is described. Female immigration to Japan from Asian countries began to appear in mid 1980s, while in South Korea marriage migrants became apparent in the mid 1990s. The regional patterns of marriage migrants in each country show a similar tendency to marry men from rural areas and small and medium size towns. However cross-border marriage is becoming more common in all areas of Japan than before. In section three, we will present some common features of international marriage migration between South Korea and Japan. The origins of the female migrants, the features of the receiving rural communities, the role of the match making industry and the decision making process of migrants are examined in order. In the final section, we discuss the possibility of whether or not the international marriage can transform the rural communities of South Korea and Japan, and present future research tasks.

著者

KOMEIE Taisaku

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.93, no.2, pp.50-65, 2021-03-31 (Released:2021-03-31)

参考文献数

94

被引用文献数

2 2

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Scientific forestry and its environmentalist vision influenced the modern Japanese approach to forestry in the mainland as well as its colonies. Annexed into the Japanese empire with Taiwan in 1895, the Penghu Islands played a significant role in colonial forestry in two ways: The treeless landscape gave rise to an afforestation project by colonial foresters, including Tashiro Antei, and encouraged the construction of Honda Seiroku’s understanding of forest zones and the environmental history of “devastation.” Although the plantation project in the islands did not succeed due to dry climate and strong sea breeze, Honda’s vision of Penghu with a tropical forest in the past was reinforced by Ino Kanori’s historical research and was accepted among colonial foresters in Taiwan through dispute, compromise, and a fusion of understandings. It supported the colonial forestry with an environmentalist expectation of a “reforestation” project, criticizing the Chinese population for creating the treeless landscape before the Japanese colonization. This shows a complicated relationship between scientific forestry and colonialism, in which an environmentalist idea developed parallel to the establishment of forestry science through communication between the metropole and the colony.

著者

UESUGI Masaya

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.94, no.1, pp.18-30, 2021-07-31 (Released:2021-08-03)

参考文献数

50

被引用文献数

9

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Socio-economic residential segregation is an important issue of social concern and academic interest. Using population census data, we analyze the changes in residential segregation by finer occupational groups at the neighborhood level and their local spatial distribution in Tokyo from 1980 to 2005. This period was characterized by increasing economic disparities in Japan. We find that: 1) Multiple segregation indices provide evidence of some level of residential segregation by occupational groups at the neighborhood level in Tokyo. The level of residential segregation is higher for both ends of the occupational hierarchy than it is for other occupational groups. 2) While the overall level of residential segregation has continually declined, this does not necessarily translate into desegregation between opposite social groups. Furthermore, there are different patterns of changes in residential segregation, even between white- and gray-collar workers. Therefore, using finer or larger occupational groups leads to different insights on the changes in socio-spatial segregation. For the highest occupational group (managerial workers), the level of residential segregation from the lowest group was growing. However, segregation also increased from other occupational groups, except for a short period immediately following the collapse of the bubble economy in the early 1990s. Managerial workers were even more spatially concentrated in central areas of Tokyo, which were already highly concentrated.

著者

MATSUYAMA Hiroshi

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.2, pp.93-94, 2013 (Released:2013-05-29)

参考文献数

1

著者

TABAYASHI Akira

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.2, pp.103-125, 2010-03-30 (Released:2010-05-20)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

7 8

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This paper analyzes the possibility of regional development through the commodification of rural spaces by comparison of the Nasu region of Tochigi prefecture, the Joetsu region of Niigata prefecture, and the Kurobe alluvial fan of Toyama prefecture. In the Nasu region, individual tourism areas including Shiobara hot springs, Nasu Highland and the Nasu alluvial fan will be consolidated, and a broad based and multiple tourism area spreading dimensionally will be formed, and the possibility for the tourism area to contribute to the development of the entire Nasu region is very high owing to the commodification of rural spaces. The current issues in the Joetsu region are how to mutually connect various and small scale scattered tourism resources, what new tourism resources should be promoted, and how the viewpoints of studies and experience of tourisms should be introduced in order to create new tourism resources. Thus, the commodification of rural and urban spaces is essential. Compared to the above two mentioned regions, the Kurobe alluvial fan is a rural area with few famous tourism resources. Tourism development owing to rural commodification is limited here. Residents should evaluate familiar production activities, industries, landscape, lifestyle, and annual events and consider the direction for regional construction themselves through study and experience. The result will attract tourists from other regions and contribute to tourism development. The most significant factors of the differences among the three regions are the scale of the current and potential tourism resources and the difference in distances from major metropolitan areas.

著者

MATSUI Keisuke

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.2, pp.149-166, 2010-03-30 (Released:2010-05-20)

参考文献数

52

被引用文献数

1 1

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The expectation that local economies will positively benefit because of a World Heritage designation is usually high, with some believing that it will lead to local revitalization through the promotion of tourism. Nowadays politics surrounding World Heritage designations has resulted in the important challenge of conserving and using cultural landscapes such as rural space. This paper examines the World Heritage registration movement of the “Nagasaki Church Group and Christian Related Cultural Assets” as a case study and the meaning of and problems that local faith-related heritages in rural areas and their cultural landscapes can expect, including the attention they will be exposed to as a cultural heritage site. In this paper, the author focused on the role of three main actors, “World Heritage Association” that hopes to achieve the goal of World Heritage registration for the Nagasaki Church Group, the administration that wishes to create an opportunity to promote tourism while conserving them as cultural properties, and the Catholic Church that wishes people to understand Christianity while remaining in harmony with tourism. Culture attracts the attention of others and changes itself, so the problem of being treated as a consumer item can occur. When the value of being a World Heritage site is bestowed upon a cultural landscape such as the Nagasaki Church Group, ever larger waves of commodification can sweep over it. Generally, to commercialize something, it needs to be exchangeable after being separated from the context of its production. A church could be separated from the context of life in which it is rooted and that has maintained its vocational activities, climate and accumulation of history, and the place itself then produced and consumed as information. The concept and philosophy of being a World Heritage site may be part of human wisdom, but the more strongly heritage is connected to a region, the broader will be the influence on the region by being registered as a World Heritage site.

著者

CHANG Yang-Yi

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.95, no.1, pp.21-36, 2022-06-30 (Released:2022-07-27)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

4

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This study analyzed the spatial distribution of population and housing in Daejeon Metropolitan City, a regional central city in South Korea, from the perspective of diversity. The diversity index of each administrative Dong is calculated using the population census variables of age, household, and housing type in 2010 and 2015. Variables affecting diversity changes are the increase in the number of people aged 55 or older, the increase in single-person households, and the increase in condominium dwellings. Based on extracted variables, specific population- and housing type- areas of concentration are identified: aged 55 or older, single-person households, detached houses; and age group of 35–44, couples with children, condominium dwellings. The spatial distribution shows that aged 55 or older, single-person households and detached house concentrations are found in the eastern part of the city, mainly the old city area. In contrast, 35–44 years old, couples and children, and condominium concentration districts are found in the western part where the development of condominium complexes occurred. In Daejeon, an elderly population concentration area exists, which is predicted to expand further as the elderly population increases. Since condominium construction serves as a pull factor for 35–44 years old and couples with children, condominium-centered housing construction in old city areas can increase the possibility of preserving age and household diversity.

著者

YAMASHITA Akio HATA Tsukasa

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.94, no.1, pp.1-17, 2021-07-31 (Released:2021-08-03)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

4

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This study intended to consider the sustainability of irrigation fruit farming in terms of water supply-demand situation from the viewpoint of tolerance to drought events in Petrolina and its surrounding area in Brazil, where large-scale irrigation projects have been developed for semi-arid regions. Based on the field survey, we analyzed the actual situations of water intake and distribution on the water supply side and irrigation agriculture on the water demand side. The decrease in water resources in this region in recent years has been dramatic. However, this study revealed that the irrigation fruit farming in this region has managed to sustain itself without decreasing the area of cultivation and the harvest of produce even under the water shortage scenario of recent years. The biggest reason for this is the introduction of water-saving irrigation systems in this region in the late 1980s and the spread of these systems among most of the farmers in the region today. Meanwhile, there is also another issue unique to the region; the electricity cost has soared in the event of drought because the region relies on obtaining most of its electricity from hydroelectric power generation. It can be said that irrigation fruit farming in this region carries the dual risk of irrigation water shortage: the direct risk of irrigation water shortage due to recent continuing water scarcity and the indirect risk of insufficient irrigation water due to the restriction of irrigation facility operation with electricity shortage and soaring electricity costs caused by the shortage of power generation water.

著者

Rosalia AVILA-TAPIES

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.2, pp.47-65, 2016-09-30 (Released:2016-09-30)

参考文献数

72

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The formation of the Japanese colonial empire entailed major population movements and important socio-economic and territorial impacts in East Asia. These were particularly relevant in Manchuria, where important Japanese immigration also occurred, especially after the establishment of Japanese-sponsored Manchukuo in 1932. This paper focuses on the location of co-ethnic concentrations of the four major population groups of immigrant background in Manchukuo. The aim of the study is to re-examine the reality of Manchukuo’s inclusive ideology of ethnic harmony and the blurring of ethnic borders from a spatial viewpoint. The location of co-ethnic concentrations of Han Chinese, Koreans, Japanese and Russians was identified by calculating the Location Quotients for each group at national and urban (Mukden’s railway town) scales. The results were mapped, showing uneven ethnic distributions and concentrations at both scales. This analysis confirmed the existence of clusters of affluent co-ethnic concentrations in Manchukuo, including some recent concentrations, such as the Japanese deliberate segregation in the North Manchuria countryside and in the Mukden railway town. Thus, the inclusive ideology of the new State coexisted, paradoxically, with high levels of co-ethnic spatial concentrations. This occurred not only because of group interest in achieving community cohesion, but also because of exclusions and restrictions resulting from official segregationist settlement policies. According to the results of the spatial analysis, the article concludes that Manchukuo’s utopian ideals of equal coexistence and concord among all ethnicities were not realized.

著者

HASHIMOTO Akiko

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.1, pp.47-64, 2014-08-29 (Released:2014-10-03)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

1 1

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The activity of peddlers and the characteristics of peddlers’ village were analyzed, and the present status of the peddling activities and the features of the peddler’s village were clarified. Discussion focused on the factors of why peddling activities continue today in Kamigamo district, Kyoto. The characteristics of peddling activities in Kamigamo district were: 1) Peddling is mainly carried out by women, and agricultural work is done by their husbands. Both the peddlers and customers pass their work on to their daughters-in-law, making it difficult for men to participate. 2) Peddling activities were important to complement the income from rice farming as the peddlers could get money immediately. 3) Peddling is a single-day activity. The peddling activities in the suburban areas involved production activities in residential areas. 4) A relationship of trust is established between the peddlers and their customers beyond the commercial act. The characteristics of agriculture in Kamigamo district were: 1) Considering the fact that Kamigamo district is a suburban area of Kyoto, the farmlands owned by the peddlers are small. Small amounts of various vegetables are grown. 2) The peddling farmers grow various traditional vegetables. The factors contributing to the continued peddling activities are: the peddling farmers maintain small farmlands and continue their agricultural work while urban land use has expanded; and the traditional vegetables that the peddling farmers grow are closely connected to the daily food of ordinary local people.

著者

YAMAGISHI Daijiro

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.96, no.1, pp.38-40, 2023-09-30 (Released:2023-09-29)

参考文献数

2

著者

IKEDA Mariko

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.91, no.1, pp.1-16, 2018-06-29 (Released:2018-06-30)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

6 5

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Temporary use of vacant urban spaces has received increased attention during the last 20 years, especially in German-speaking countries, as a viable strategy in urban planning to revitalize unused vacant lots and buildings, which result from ongoing structural changes in industrialized countries. Particularly in the eastern inner-city districts of Berlin, a high number of vacant lots and buildings existed after the fall of the Berlin Wall. For many of these spaces, temporary uses, such as art houses, galleries, music clubs, bars, urban gardens, and alternative living spaces, were established during the 1990s and 2000s. From the end of the 1990s, in a particular area along the River Spree in Berlin’s former eastern inner-city district Friedrichshain, a high concentration of temporary uses have been observed. The reasons for this concentration have not been studied in detail. Therefore, this study clarifies the reasons for this geographic concentration by examining three case studies of temporary uses, using surveys and interviews conducted in 2013 and 2014. Additionally, this study exemplifies the characteristics of temporary uses in the surveyed area and shows what can be learned from the conflicts regarding temporary uses. The study concludes that temporary uses can be more than an interim utilization of vacant spaces and are a viable long-term alternative for sustainable urban planning in post-growth cities.

著者

FUJIBE Fumiaki MATSUMOTO Jun

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.95, no.2, pp.55-68, 2022-12-29 (Released:2022-12-28)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

2

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Warm season precipitation in most parts of Japan comprises early summer (Baiu) and autumn (Shūrin) rainy periods with a relatively dry mid-summer. We aimed to determine details on the features of the seasonal progress of precipitation during the warm season in Japan. We assessed the timing of maximum and minimum precipitation based on daily records of Japanese dense local Kunai observations and AMeDAS networks collected at 522 stations for 95 years from 1926 to 2020. The maximum precipitation during Baiu has a northward delay, with a transition zone from the end of June to around July 10 at about 37°N, whereas Shūrin has three precipitation peaks corresponding to late August, mid-September, and early October over a wide area of Japan. The timing and intensity of the precipitation maximum varies according to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phase, but the northward delay of the Baiu peak and multiple Shūrin peaks are found both in El Niño and La Niña years. Toward the past 30 years, the Baiu has lengthened, the mid-summer minimum is earlier, and the main peak of Shūrin precipitation has become less distinct.

著者

Edward BOYLE

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.2, pp.66-79, 2016-09-30 (Released:2016-09-30)

参考文献数

98

被引用文献数

1 4

---

A renewed focus on the notion of empire has prompted an interest in questions of modern Japanese imperialism after the Meiji Restoration, both in Japan and abroad. It has also focused attention on the issue of comparing empires across Eurasia during the early modern period, under the rubric of ‘global history’. Japan has not really been incorporated into this latter discussion. This article begins by examining the reasons for this lack of incorporation, before moving on to discuss the value of considering early modern Japan as an imperial formation. The lens it adopts is one of cartography, that quintessentially imperial practice that has featured heavily in discussions of a Eurasian early modernity. The article examines the cartographic incorporation of Japan’s northern region of the Yezo into Japan itself, culminating in the area being newly designated as Hokkaido in the early Meiji period, the newest circuit within Imperial Japan’s administrative map. This political outcome was the result of varied practices that found reflection across the Tokugawa–Meiji divide. Yet this intense variety of practices, constantly shifting in response to contingency, served to form the state-effect, through which the land of Yezo was granted its unity and represented on the map. The territory on the map provided the visual, graphic representation of the demarcation of authority of the state that authorized the practice of its own mapping. In this manner, the state mapped itself into Hokkaido and from this perspective, the division between the early modern and modern eras is far less significant than is frequently assumed.

著者

CONNELL John

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.95, no.1, pp.54-55, 2022-06-30 (Released:2022-07-27)