著者

Yi TANG Junchen JIANG Xiaofei WANG Chengchen HU Bin LIU Zhijia CHEN

出版者

The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers

雑誌

IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information and Systems (ISSN:09168532)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.E93-D, no.12, pp.3232-3242, 2010-12-01

---

Multi-pattern matching is a key technique for implementing network security applications such as Network Intrusion Detection/Protection Systems (NIDS/NIPSes) where every packet is inspected against tens of thousands of predefined attack signatures written in regular expressions (regexes). To this end, Deterministic Finite Automaton (DFA) is widely used for multi-regex matching, but existing DFA-based researches have claimed high throughput at an expense of extremely high memory cost, so fail to be employed in devices such as high-speed routers and embedded systems where the available memory is quite limited. In this paper, we propose a parallel architecture of DFA called Parallel DFA (PDFA) taking advantage of the large amount of concurrent flows to increase the throughput with nearly no extra memory cost. The basic idea is to selectively store the underlying DFA in memory modules that can be accessed in parallel. To explore its potential parallelism we intensively study DFA-split schemes from both state and transition points in this paper. The performance of our approach in both the average cases and the worst cases is analyzed, optimized and evaluated by numerical results. The evaluation shows that we obtain an average speedup of 100 times compared with traditional DFA-based matching approach.

著者

Yoshiki YUNBE Masayuki MIYAMA Yoshio MATSUDA

出版者

The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers

雑誌

IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information and Systems (ISSN:09168532)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.E93-D, no.12, pp.3284-3293, 2010-12-01

---

This paper describes an affine motion estimation processor for real-time video segmentation. The processor estimates the dominant motion of a target region with affine parameters. The processor is based on the Pseudo-M-estimator algorithm. Introduction of an image division method and a binary weight method to the original algorithm reduces data traffic and hardware costs. A pixel sampling method is proposed that reduces the clock frequency by 50%. The pixel pipeline architecture and a frame overlap method double throughput. The processor was prototyped on an FPGA; its function and performance were subsequently verified. It was also implemented as an ASIC. The core size is 5.05.0 mm2 in 0.18 µm process, standard cell technology. The ASIC can accommodate a VGA 30 fps video with 120 MHz clock frequency.

著者

Tongsheng GENG Leibo LIU Shouyi YIN Min ZHU Shaojun WEI

出版者

The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers

雑誌

IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information and Systems (ISSN:09168532)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.E93-D, no.12, pp.3223-3231, 2010-12-01

被引用文献数

6

---

This paper proposes approaches to perform HW/SW (Hardware/Software) partition and parallelization of computing-intensive tasks of the H.264 HiP (High Profile) decoding algorithm on an embedded coarse-grained reconfigurable multimedia system, called REMUS (REconfigurable MUltimedia System). Several techniques, such as MB (Macro-Block) based parallelization, unfixed sub-block operation etc., are utilized to speed up the decoding process, satisfying the requirements of real-time and high quality H.264 applications. Tests show that the execution performance of MC (Motion Compensation), deblocking, and IDCT-IQ (Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform-Inverse Quantization) on REMUS is improved by 60%, 73%, 88.5% in the typical case and 60%, 69%, 88.5% in the worst case, respectively compared with that on XPP PACT (a commercial reconfigurable processor). Compared with ASIC solutions, the performance of MC is improved by 70%, 74% in the typical and in the worst case, respectively, while those of Deblocking remain the same. As for IDCT_IQ, the performance is improved by 17% no matter in the typical or worst case. Relying on the proposed techniques, 1080p@30 fps of H.264 HiP@ Level 4 decoding could be achieved on REMUS when utilizing a 200 MHz working frequency.

著者

Xiaomin JIA Pingjing LU Caixia SUN Minxuan ZHANG

出版者

The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers

雑誌

IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information and Systems (ISSN:09168532)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.E93-D, no.12, pp.3211-3222, 2010-12-01

---

Chip Multi-Processors (CMPs) emerge as a mainstream architectural design alternative for high performance parallel and distributed computing. Last Level Cache (LLC) management is critical to CMPs because off-chip accesses often require a long latency. Due to its short access latency, well performance isolation and easy scalability, private cache is an attractive design alternative for LLC of CMPs. This paper proposes program Behavior Identification-based Cache Sharing (BICS) for LLC management. BICS is based on a private cache organization for the shorter access latency. Meanwhile, BICS tries to simulate a shared cache organization by allowing evicted blocks of one private LLC to be saved at peer LLCs. This technique is called spilling. BICS identifies cache behavior types of applications at runtime. When a cache block is evicted from a private LLC, cache behavior characteristics of the local application are evaluated so as to determine whether the block is to be spilled. Spilled blocks are allowed to replace some valid blocks of the peer LLCs as long as the interference is within a reasonable level. Experimental results using a full system CMP simulator show that BICS improves the overall throughput by as much as 14.5%, 12.6%, 11.0% and 11.7% (on average 8.8%, 4.8%, 4.0% and 6.8%) over private cache, shared cache, Utility-based Cache Partitioning (UCP) scheme and the baseline spilling-based organization Cooperative Caching (CC) respectively on a 4-core CMP for SPEC CPU2006 benchmarks.

著者

Min ZHU Leibo LIU Shouyi YIN Chongyong YIN Shaojun WEI

出版者

The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers

雑誌

IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information and Systems (ISSN:09168532)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.E93-D, no.12, pp.3202-3210, 2010-12-01

被引用文献数

11

---

This paper introduces a cycle-accurate Simulator for a dynamically REconfigurable MUlti-media System, called SimREMUS. SimREMUS can either be used at transaction-level, which allows the modeling and simulation of higher-level hardware and embedded software, or at register transfer level, if the dynamic system behavior is desired to be observed at signal level. Trade-offs among a set of criteria that are frequently used to characterize the design of a reconfigurable computing system, such as granularity, programmability, configurability as well as architecture of processing elements and route modules etc., can be quickly evaluated. Moreover, a complete tool chain for SimREMUS, including compiler and debugger, is developed. SimREMUS could simulate 270 k cycles per second for million gates SoC (System-on-a-Chip) and produced one H.264 1080p frame in 15 minutes, which might cost days on VCS (platform: CPU: E5200@ 2.5 Ghz, RAM: 2.0 GB). Simulation showed that 1080p@30 fps of H.264 High Profile@ Level 4 can be achieved when exploiting a 200 MHz working frequency on the VLSI architecture of REMUS.

著者

ETO Masashi SONODA Kotaro INOUE Daisuke YOSHIOKA Katsunari NAKAO Koji

出版者

The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers

雑誌

IEICE transactions on information and systems (ISSN:09168532)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.93, no.5, pp.1106-1116, 2010-05-01

被引用文献数

2

---

Network monitoring systems that detect and analyze malicious activities as well as respond against them, are becoming increasingly important. As malwares, such as worms, viruses, and bots, can inflict significant damages on both infrastructure and end user, technologies for identifying such propagating malwares are in great demand. In the large-scale darknet monitoring operation, we can see that malwares have various kinds of scan patterns that involves choosing destination IP addresses. Since many of those oscillations seemed to have a natural periodicity, as if they were signal waveforms, we considered to apply a spectrum analysis methodology so as to extract a feature of malware. With a focus on such scan patterns, this paper proposes a novel concept of malware feature extraction and a distinct analysis method named "<i>SPectrum Analysis for Distinction and Extraction of malware features</i>(<i>SPADE</i>)". Through several evaluations using real scan traffic, we show that SPADE has the significant advantage of recognizing the similarities and dissimilarities between the same and different types of malwares.

著者

Guan PANG Guijin WANG Xinggang LIN

出版者

The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers

雑誌

IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information and Systems (ISSN:09168532)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.E93-D, no.3, pp.658-661, 2010-03-01

---

Human detection has witnessed significant development in recent years. The introduction of cascade structure and integral histogram has greatly improved detection speed. But real-time detection is still only possible for sparse scan of 320 240 sized images. In this work, we propose a matrix-based structure to reorganize the computation structure of window-scanning detection algorithms, as well as a new pre-processing method called Hierarchical HOG Matrices (HHM) in place of integral histogram. Our speed-up scheme can process 320 240 sized images by dense scan (≈ 12000 windows per image) at the speed of about 30 fps, while maintaining accuracy comparable to the original HOG + cascade method.

著者

Yangwoo ROH Jaesub KIM Kyu Ho PARK

出版者

The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers

雑誌

IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information and Systems (ISSN:09168532)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.E92-D, no.10, pp.2053-2063, 2009-10-01

---

Applications usually have their own phases in heap memory usage. The traditional garbage collector fails to match various application phases because the same heuristic on the object behavior is used throughout the entire execution. This paper introduces a phase-adaptive garbage collector which reorganizes the heap layout and adjusts the invocation time of the garbage collection according to the phases. The proposed collector identifies phases by detecting the application methods strongly related to the phase boundaries. The experimental results show that the proposed phase-adaptive collector successfully recognizes application phases and improves the garbage collection time by as much as 41%.

著者

WAN Yi ASAKA Takuya TAKAHASHI Tatsuro

出版者

The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers

雑誌

IEICE transactions on information and systems (ISSN:09168532)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.92, no.10, pp.2073-2081, 2009-10-01

被引用文献数

1

---

User Generated Content (UGC) VoD services such as YouTube are becoming more and more popular, and their maintenance costs are growing as well. Many P2P solutions have been proposed to reduce server load in such systems, but almost all of them focus on the single-video approach, which only has limited effect on the systems serving short videos such as UGC. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the potential of an alternative approach, the multi-video approach, and we use a very simple method called collaborative caching to show that methods using the multi-video approach are generally more suitable for current UGC VoD systems. We also study the influence of the major design factors through simulations and provide guidelines for efficiently building systems with this method.

著者

Hattori Hiroaki Nakamura Satoshi Shikano Kiyohiro Sagayama Shigeki

出版者

一般社団法人電子情報通信学会

雑誌

IEICE transactions on information and systems (ISSN:09168532)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.2, pp.219-226, 1993-02-25

---

This paper proposes a new speaker adaptation method using a speaker weighting technique for multiple reference speaker training of a hidden Markov model (HMM). The proposed method considers the similarities between an input speaker and multiple reference speakers, and use the similarities to control the influence of the reference speakers upon HMM. The evaluation experiments were carried out through the / b,d,g,m,n,N / phoneme recognition task using 8 speakers. Average recognition rates were 68.0%, 66.4%, and 65.6% respectively for three test sets which have different speech styles. These were .8%, 8.8%, and 10.5% higher than the rates of the spectrum mapping method, and also 1.6%, 6.7%, and 8.2% higher than the rates of the multiple reference speaker training, the supplemented HMM. The evaluation experiments clarified the effectiveness of the proposed method.

著者

Hisashi KASHIMA Tsuyoshi IDE Tsuyoshi KATO Masashi SUGIYAMA

出版者

The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers

雑誌

IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information and Systems (ISSN:09168532)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.E92-D, no.7, pp.1338-1353, 2009-07-01

被引用文献数

16

---

Kernel methods such as the support vector machine are one of the most successful algorithms in modern machine learning. Their advantage is that linear algorithms are extended to non-linear scenarios in a straightforward way by the use of the kernel trick. However, naive use of kernel methods is computationally expensive since the computational complexity typically scales cubically with respect to the number of training samples. In this article, we review recent advances in the kernel methods, with emphasis on scalability for massive problems.

著者

MASUGI Masao

出版者

一般社団法人電子情報通信学会

雑誌

IEICE transactions on information and systems (ISSN:09168532)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.9, pp.1934-1938, 2003-09-01

---

This paper describes a method of analyzing musical sound using a self-organizing map. To take compound factors into account, energy spectra whose frequency ranges were based on the psycho-acoustic experiments were used as input data. Results for music compact discs confirmed that our method could effectively display the positioning and relationship among musical sounds on a map.

著者

FUNAHASHI Takuma YAMAGUCHI Tsuyoshi TOMINAGA Masafumi KOSHIMIZU Hiroyasu

出版者

一般社団法人電子情報通信学会

雑誌

IEICE transactions on information and systems (ISSN:09168532)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.1, pp.129-135, 2004-01-01

被引用文献数

3

---

Faces of a person performing freely in front of the camera can be captured in a sufficient resolution for facial parts recognition by the proposed camera system enhanced with a special PTZ camera. Head region, facial parts regions such as eyes and mouth and the borders of facial parts are extracted hierarchically by being guided by the irises and nostrils preliminarily extracted from the images of PTZ camera. In order to show the effectivity of this system, we proposed a possibility to generate the borders of facial parts of the face for the facial caricaturing and to introduce eye-contacting facial images which can eye-contact bilaterally with each other on the TV conference environment.

著者

KIM Seungjun KIM Hojung EOM Seongeun MAHALIK Nitaigour P. AHN Byungha

出版者

一般社団法人電子情報通信学会

雑誌

IEICE transactions on information and systems (ISSN:09168532)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, no.1, pp.98-105, 2006-01-01

---

Most of the traveller guidance services (TGS) are based on GPS technology and generally concerned with the position data mapping on the simplified 2D electronic map in order to provide macro level service facility such as drive direction notifications. Digital GIS based GPS entails in situ intuitive visualization. The visually enhanced TGS can improve the global and local awareness of unknown areas. In this paper, we propose a reliable new TGS system that provides 3D street as well as pinpointed destination information in two stages of its interactive services; web-based and AR-based. The web server generates a guiding path on 2D digital map and displays 3D car-driving animation along the path. And, the AR-based service is embedded so that users can interactively obtain the detailed micro-level information of a specific section in the area with their fingertips. The implementation is based on autoformation of on-line GIS data structures from the available priori. For the verification, a 5×4 road network is selected as a test area. In the service demonstration, we show the effective awareness of street environments and the usefulness of this new TGS system.

著者

SHINYA Mikio

出版者

一般社団法人電子情報通信学会

雑誌

IEICE transactions on information and systems (ISSN:09168532)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.4, pp.767-774, 2005-04-01

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1

---

Spring-mass systems are widely used in computer animation to model soft objects. Although the systems can be numerically solved either by explicit methods or implicit methods, it has been difficult to obtain stable results from explicit methods. This paper describes detailed discussion on stabilizing explicit methods in spring-mass simulation. The simulation procedures are modeled as a linear digital system, and system stability is mathematically defined. This allows us to develop theories of simulation stability. The application of these theories to explicit methods allows them to become as stable as implicit methods. Furthermore, a faster explicit method is proposed. Experiments confirm the theories and demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed methods.