著者

Sawada Isamu Koyasu Kazuhiro

出版者

Zoological Society of Japan

雑誌

Zoological Science (ISSN:02890003)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.3, pp.p575-578, 1991-06

被引用文献数

2

著者

Kurihara Takeo Shikatani Mayu Nakayama Kouji NISHIDA Mutsumi

出版者

社団法人 日本動物学会

雑誌

Zoological science (ISSN:02890003)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.11, pp.999-1008, 2006-11-25

被引用文献数

11

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In many benthic organisms with a planktonic larval stage, local populations have different morphology. Such difference may arise from some of the following proximate mechanisms. "Local recruitment (LR)": no larvae move between local populations, and segregated populations possess alleles coding for locally adaptive morphology. "Intragenerational selection (IS)": larvae move between local populations, and individuals with alleles for locally adaptive morphology survive after recruitment. "Phenotypic plasticity (PP)": larvae move between local populations and show phenotypic plasticity to adapt to a locality after recruitment. We examined which mechanism explains our finding that a planktonic developer Turbo coronatus coronatus (Gastropoda) had significantly longer spines on its shell on more exposed shores at scales of < 2 km. Experiments at Ishigaki Island, Okinawa, Japan, showed the following results. (a) Shorter- and longer-spined populations occurring within 2 km showed non-significant ϕ low st values (−0.0040 to 0.00095) for the mitochondrial DNA COI region. This suggests no segregation of the local populations, supporting the mechanisms IS and PP. (b) T. c. coronatus generated significantly longer spines 70 days after being transplanted to the habitat of a longer-spined population, supporting IS and PP. (c) Individuals caged in the sea for 79 days generated longer spines than individuals in the laboratory, supporting PP. In conclusion, shore-specific morphology of T. c. coronatus arises most likely from phenotypic plasticity and possibly from intragenerational selection.

著者

Mukai Takahiko Kajimura Makiko Iwata Katsuya

出版者

社団法人日本動物学会

雑誌

Zoological science (ISSN:02890003)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.4, pp.549-557, 2000-05-20

被引用文献数

5

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Interspecific differences in the ability to excrete urea in four gobiid fishes, Mugilogobius abei, M. chulae, M. sp. 1 and M. sp. 2, in response to elevated external ammonia, were compared and set against the phylogenetic relationships of species, following molecular phylogenetic analyses using a portion of mitochondrially-encoded 12S ribosomal RNA and tRNA-Val genes, which were sequenced from five species of Mugilogobius. The resulting tree, based on 710 base pairs of aligned sequences, was statistically robust and indicated two major clades, (M. abei, M. sp. 1 and M. chulae) and (M. parvus and M. sp. 2), respectively. High ureagenic ability was demonstrated in M. abei and M. sp. 1, being sister species according to the phylogenetic analysis, while the remaining species having a low level of ability. The two former species are restricted to temperate and subtropical Japan, whereas the others are widely distributed throughout tropical Asia. The most parsimonious reconstruction of these features suggested that ancestral Mugilogobius, probably widely distributed in tropical Asia, may had low ureagenic ability. The high ureagenic ability of the temperate species may have evolved concurrently with the northward spread of Mugilogobius from the tropical zone.

著者

Astuti Dwi Azuma Noriko Suzuki Hitoshi Higashi Seigo

出版者

社団法人日本動物学会

雑誌

Zoological science (ISSN:02890003)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.191-198, 2006-02-25

被引用文献数

25

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Blood and tissue samples of 40 individuals including 27 parrot species (15 genera; 3 subfamilies) were collected in Indonesia. Their phylogenetic relationships were inferred from 907 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene, using the maximum-parsimony method, the maximum-likelihood method and the neighbor-joining method with Kimura two-parameter distance. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that (1) cockatoos (subfamily Cacatuinae) form a monophyletic sister group to other parrot groups; (2) within the genus Cacatua, C. goffini and C. sanguines form a sister group to a clade containing other congeners; (3) subfamily Psittacinae emerged as paraphyletic, consisting of three clades, with a clade of Psittaculirostris grouping with sub family Loriinae rather than with other Psittacinae; (4) lories and lorikeets (subfamily Loriinae) emerged as monophyletic, with Charmosyna placentis a basal sister group to other Loriinae, which comprised the subclades Lorius; Trichoglossus+Eos; and Chalcopsitta+Pseudeos.

著者

Astuti Dwi Azuma Noriko Suzuki Hitoshi HIGASHI Seigo

出版者

社団法人 日本動物学会

雑誌

Zoological science (ISSN:02890003)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.191-198, 2006-02-25

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

25

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Blood and tissue samples of 40 individuals including 27 parrot species (15 genera; 3 subfamilies) were collected in Indonesia. Their phylogenetic relationships were inferred from 907 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene, using the maximum-parsimony method, the maximum-likelihood method and the neighbor-joining method with Kimura two-parameter distance. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that (1) cockatoos (subfamily Cacatuinae) form a monophyletic sister group to other parrot groups; (2) within the genus Cacatua, C. goffini and C. sanguinea form a sister group to a clade containing other congeners; (3) subfamily Psittacinae emerged as paraphyletic, consisting of three clades, with a clade of Psittaculirostris grouping with subfamily Loriinae rather than with other Psittacinae; (4) lories and lorikeets (subfamily Loriinae) emerged as monophyletic, with Charmosyna placentis a basal sister group to other Loriinae, which comprised the subclades Lorius; Trichoglossus+Eos; and Chalcopsitta+ Pseudeos.

著者

Wu Hai-Long Wan Qiu-Hong Fang Sheng-Guo

出版者

社団法人日本動物学会

雑誌

Zoological science (ISSN:02890003)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.4, pp.333-340, 2006-04-25

被引用文献数

6

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The black muntjac (Muntiacus crinifrons) is a rare species endemic to China and its current distribution is confined to partial mountain ranges in eastern China. To assess the population structure and gene flow among the extant populations, we sequenced a portion of the mitochondrial control region (424bp) for 47 samples collected from its current three large populations (Huangshan,Tiammushan and Suichang). A total of 18 unique haplotypes were defined based on 22 polymorphic sites. Of these haplotypes, 15 ones were population-specific and only one haplotype was shared among the three populations. Significant genetic differentiation was detected between Suichang and Huangshan populations (φ_<ST>=0.1677, P<0.001) or between Suichang and Tianmushan populations (φ_<ST>=0.2002, P<0.001), indicating that the Suichang population may be spatially structured from other two populations along matriline. The Mantel test revealed that this significant differentiation was not driven by geographic distance (P=0.14), implying that genetic divergence of Suichang population might result from recent human disturbances. Phylogenetic analyses suggested the mitochondrial control region haplotypes were split into two well divergent clades (Clade I and Clade II). Interestingly, the two distinct haplotype clades were found to coexist in Suichang area. The nested clade analysis revealed a significant phylogeographic structure among the black muntjac populations (total cladogram: χ^2=18.68; P<0.001), which was inferred to result from past fragmentation followed by range expansion. The population expansion was supported by the analysis of mismatch distribution and the tests of neutrality. Therefore, we suggest that the coexistence of distinct haplotypes in Suichang population was induced by historical population expansion after fragmentation and that the current genetic differentiation should be attributed to the reduction of female-mediated gene flow due to recent habitat fragmentation and subsequent loss.

著者

Hashimoto Jun Miura Tomoyuki Fujikura Katsunori Ossaka Joyo

出版者

社団法人日本動物学会

雑誌

Zoological science (ISSN:02890003)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.6, pp.1063-1067, 1993-12-15

被引用文献数

15

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To date, vestimentiferan tube-worms have been considered to be a typical member of the deep-sea biological communities supported by chemosynthetic production. In 1993, during a series of surveys exploring the biological community accompanied by submarine fumaroles called "Tagiri" by local fishermen, thousands of vestimentiferans were discovered to form clusters at a depth of 82 m in Kagoshima Bay, southern Japan. The tube-worms were collected by means of a small dredge attached to a deep-tow color TV system. Some dozen of living worms has been maintained in a laboratory for more than 220 days. The vestimentiferans in Kagoshima Bay are remarkable not only in the shallowest occurrence in the world but also in the first record from the euphotic zone.

著者

Yasukawa Yuichirou Ota Hidetoshi Iverson John B.

出版者

社団法人日本動物学会

雑誌

Zoological science (ISSN:02890003)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.2, pp.303-317, 1996-04-15

被引用文献数

4 30

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The batagurid turtle, Mauremys mutica, is widely distributed in tropical to temperate East Asia. Analyses of morphometric characters and coloration revealed that the southern Ryukyu populations of this species are much diverged from the other populations, presumably as a result of their long geographical isolation. We describe those populations as a new subspecies, M. m. kami. Analysis of geographic variation also suggested that distinctly isolated populations of the central and northern Ryukyus, and Kyoto and Shiga Prefectures of central Japan have originated from animals artificially introduced from the Yaeyama Group, and Taiwan, respectively. We confirmed the absence of "larger female" sexual size dimorphism (SSD) in M. mutica unlike most other aquatic batagurids, and further demonstrated variation in SSD pattern between the subspecies: in M. m. kami, the adult male has a significantly greater carapace length than adult females, whereas the adult carapace length does not differ significantly between sexes in the nominotypical subspecies. It is hypothesized that these dimorphic patterns evolved from the widely prevailing "larger female" condition through epigamic selection involving forcible copulatory behavior.

著者

Ohara Kenichi Dong Shi Taniguchi Nobuhiko

出版者

社団法人日本動物学会

雑誌

Zoological science (ISSN:02890003)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.6, pp.909-913, 1999-12-15

被引用文献数

14 25

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The silver crucian carp, Carassius langsdorfii has three reproductive characteristics : gynogenesis, polyploidy (triploid or tetraploid), and genetic homogeneity within a family. In natural water, the silver crucian carp populations consist of multiple clonal lines. In the present study, three microsatellite DNA loci were used to distinguish several clonal lines of the silver crucian carp sampled from natural water. Progeny and the maternal fish had the same genotype in the three loci. In 237 fish collected from the wild, nine alleles were observed in GF1^*, sixteen alleles in GF17^*, and nine alleles in GF29^*. Ten genotypes were observed in GF1^*, seventeen in GF17^* and eight in GF29^*. The proportion of heterozygotes was very high in each locus (1.000). Sixteen clonal lines were distinguished by the combined genotypes of three microsatellite loci. Two subtypes were also detected within the clonal line KOC-011.