著者

野沢 明

出版者

日本ばね学会

雑誌

ばね論文集 (ISSN:03856917)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2007, no.52, pp.45-64, 2007-05-30 (Released:2007-11-13)

被引用文献数

2

著者

大槻 敦巳 大島 成通

出版者

日本ばね学会

雑誌

ばね論文集 (ISSN:03856917)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2017, no.62, pp.49-55, 2017-05-31 (Released:2017-12-01)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

1

---

Traditional Japanese bows are composite (clad) materials made up of bamboo and wood with very high flexibility. Each bow is composed of multi arcs with different radius of curvature and cross sectional areas along with the length. In using the Japanese bows there are three stages. At first the bow is free standing, then, it is constrained negatively using the chord. The bow is then loaded to form various shapes. Although the shape of archery is similar, Japanese bows are not symmetrical, and the grip is off center, therefore, the characteristic and dynamics of Japanese bows are very complicated. In recent years, large deformation analyses of the flexible bows have attracted attention considerably because of both analytical and technological interests in the design of bows and arrows. In this study, the details of the simulation results of Japanese bows obtained in using a simplified model treated as a nonlinear flexible beam with a large deformation are presented using the elliptic integral derived from Elastica theory. From this investigation, some interesting and valuable information are obtained. Furthermore, using a flexible thin PVC beam specimen, a large deformation experiment is performed to confirm the applicability of the large deformation theory proposed here. The experimental results closely matches that of the theoretical values. Therefore, this analysis is useful in improving the design of bows. This study would be useful to develop technique of Japanese bows in the field of the so-called sports-leisure.

著者

大槻 敦巳 大島 成通

出版者

日本ばね学会

雑誌

ばね論文集 (ISSN:03856917)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2019, no.64, pp.23-31, 2019-03-31 (Released:2019-10-01)

参考文献数

10

---

Traditional Japanese bows have a laminated structure made up of highly flexible bamboo and wood. Each bow is composed of multi arcs having different cross sectional areas along the length and also with different radii of curvature. Three stages setting procedure is required before shooting a Japanese bow. At first the bow is standing free, then, it is bent and constrained to have negative curvature using the bow string (chord), and finally formed into various shapes having positive curvature. Japanese bows does not have a symmetrical shape, and the position of the grip is also shifted from the center of the bow. Therefore, the deformation characteristics and the dynamics to analyze Japanese bows are very complicated. In recent years, large deformation analyses of the flexible bows have attracted attention considerably because of both analytical and technological interests in the design of bows and arrows. This study presents the details of the theoretical analysis results of Japanese bows obtained by using a simplified model consisting of multi arc segments. Each segment is treated as a large deformable nonlinear flexible beam and deformation analysis of individual arc segments is done by using the elliptic integral derived from Elastica theory. Furthermore, in order to confirm the applicability of the proposed large deformation theory, a large deformation experiment is performed. As a result, the theoretical analysis shows a very good agreement with the experimental results for the large deformed shape of the bow, which was restrained and loaded on the string. Moreover, the dynamic characteristics of Japanese bow and arrow with regard to the parameters such as the radius of curvature and bow arc ratio is evaluated.

著者

四十木 拓朗 飯田 和正 下関 正義

出版者

日本ばね学会

雑誌

ばね論文集 (ISSN:03856917)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2014, no.59, pp.37-46, 2014 (Released:2014-12-01)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

2

---

The Votta’s equation is usually used for constant-force spiral spring. But the calculated result is not consistent with experiment. One of the main factor comes from the value of Young’s modulus. Generally, Young’s modulus measured by tensile test, does not quite correspond to the value by bending test. We measure the Young’s modulus by bending once more to verify the validity of equations. Furthermore, we point out some logical mistakes in Votta’s equation.We formulate the rigorous equation considering variable load, and then simplify this assuming constant load for practical design.

著者

大槻 敦巳 竹内 稔朗

出版者

日本ばね学会

雑誌

ばね論文集 (ISSN:03856917)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2019, no.64, pp.15-21, 2019-03-31 (Released:2019-10-01)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1

---

In recent years, leisure activities, such as tennis, golf, skiing, fishing, etc. are very popular. The performance of various instruments used in such leisure activities is also greatly improved. Scientific analysis on the function of such instruments is essential in order to develop practical instruments in the field of sports-leisure. Various experiential studies that clarify the characteristics of fishing rods have been published. However, there are very few scientific studies about fishing rods in the field of the so-called sports-leisure. This study deals with large deformation of fishing rods that would be useful in the development of the characteristic design of fishing rods. In this report, based on the nonlinear large deformation theory, new fundamental equations are introduced for thin, straight tapered fishing rods with a circular cross-section under concentrated loads at the free end. As a result, it is found that the large deformations of fishing rods can be described by nondimensional load parameters, the ratio of rod diameter at end and bottom, and supporting angles. Furthermore, the experimental verification of this analysis is carried out using a flexible rod acquired in the market. The theoretically predicted results are in fairly good agreement with the experimental data. Consequently, the new deformation theory is proved to be of practical use.

著者

登石 浩士

出版者

日本ばね学会

雑誌

ばね論文集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1959, no.5, pp.49-57, 1959

著者

清水 麻衣 櫻井 宏美 久納 孝彦

出版者

日本ばね学会

雑誌

ばね論文集 (ISSN:03856917)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2006, no.51, pp.27-34, 2006 (Released:2006-11-10)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

1 1

---

Coil springs with rectangular wire cross section, named ‘rectangular wire coil springs’, can store more strain energy than circular wire coil springs in limited space. Therefore, they have been used mainly in press dies and other special machine tools. Recently, rectangular wire coil springs come to have different uses like suspension springs in which light weight design are demanded. On the other hand, it is necessary to reduce the number of coils by adopting the large pitch angle with improved strength of wires. However, in the stress and the spring constant formulae for rectangular wire coil springs derived by Liesecke in 1930's, the effects of the pitch angle are not considered. Therefore, as pitch angle becomes larger, the difference between the calculated results and experiment becomes outstanding. Though we have design formulae for rectangular wire coil springs of large pitch angle proposed by Watanabe et al., they are the formulation of the results by FEM analysis. In other words, theoretical derivation of the design formulae for the rectangular wire coil spring has not been performed yet. In this research, new design formulae are derived theoretically. Furthermore, the validity of the new design formulae is presented in this research by comparing the results with experiment and improved FEM analysis.

著者

小山 弘樹 有川 秀一 納冨 充雄

出版者

日本ばね学会

雑誌

ばね論文集 (ISSN:03856917)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2022, no.67, pp.27-33, 2022-03-31 (Released:2022-10-01)

参考文献数

7

---

A tapered coil spring is the one whose wire diameter isn't constant and continuously changes. The spring possesses the non-linear stiffness which increases with increasing the load applied. Although its application is the axle spring for railway car because of passively changing the stiffness under the applied load that relates the number of passengers, making formula is difficult due to the gradually diameter change of tapered wires. Finite element method has often been applied to the analysis of mechanics for the springs and it should be found the appropriate end turn shape of the springs for real deformation of the coil and we found the optimized end turn for constant deformation. The stiffness of the spring follows the approximate formula on each region in different diameter before contact between wires and the formula on the region of thick wire after contact. The stiffness of the spring actually could be determined for varying the pitch and predicted using finite element method.

著者

松本 拓朗 飯田 和正 下関 正義

出版者

日本ばね学会

雑誌

ばね論文集 (ISSN:03856917)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2016, no.61, pp.19-24, 2016-05-31 (Released:2016-12-01)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

1 2

---

For the purpose of analyzing the characteristic of spiral spring, knowing the free shape of spring is indispensable. And to get the free shape of spring needs to analyze on elasticplastic method with geometric non-linearity. But the practical importance for the spring characteristic is the liner zone without both side-ends. If extrapolating liner field to both non-linear zones asuming affine linearity,we are able to analize the spring charactristic only by elasticplastic analysis at both-ends without the necessity of considering geometric nonlinerlity . So we can analyze by easy procedure as compared with traditional integral formulation. This calculation results agree with experimental one in two kind sample springs.

著者

渡邉 啓輔 渡辺 浩太郎 久納 孝彦

出版者

日本ばね学会

雑誌

ばね論文集 (ISSN:03856917)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2002, no.47, pp.1-6, 2002 (Released:2005-09-21)

参考文献数

4

---

Recently the downsizing and the weight saving of mechanical structures asked for springs lighter, and the light metal alloys are paid attention to as spring materials. Magnesium is the lightest in the practical metals, and it is excellent in the damping capacity. But the tensile strength and the proof stress of the pure magnesium is much lower than the ones for other spring materials. Hence, it is necessary to improve its strength by alloying, hardning, heat treatment, and by other processes. The workabilities of magnesium alloy springs had not been studied, too. Therefore the authors studied the mechanical properties of magnesium alloy AZ31 and made coil springs from wires of a magnesium alloy AZ31 by a lathe type coiling machines. The workabilities of coils were studied. The effects of annealing on the dimensions of the coils and on the spring property were also studied. The main results are as follows;(1) Magnesium alloy wire AZ31 is much inferior to other spring wires, but not much inferior in specific strength because of small specific gravity.(2) It was possible to form coil of about 5.0 in spring index from wires of a magnesium alloy AZ31 by a lathe type coiling machines, so wires of a magnesium alloy AZ31 fill the workabilities as spring wires.(3) In magnesium alloy wire AZ31 the spring back of coil diameter is large compared with other spring steel wires.(4) By annealing the outside diameter increases but the free length hardly changes.(5) When the annealing temperature is over 180(°C), the elastic limit of coiled springs deteriorates.

著者

千島 和夫 山本 五十六

出版者

日本ばね学会

雑誌

ばね論文集 (ISSN:03856917)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1964, no.10, pp.53-62, 1965

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自動車の上下振動を2自由度系と考え, ばね, ショックアブソーバおよびタイヤばねの性能をすべて線型とし, ばね上共振点加速度, 相対速度を簡単に計算できる線図を作成した。

著者

高橋 英輝 川村 直子 久納 孝彦

出版者

日本ばね学会

雑誌

ばね論文集 (ISSN:03856917)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2006, no.51, pp.35-43, 2006 (Released:2006-11-10)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

1

---

Coiled wave springs (CWS) are considered as multiple layered waved washers. They are light but powerful in limited spaces. In recent years, CWS have been applied to clutches of automobiles and expected to be applied to other uses. The formulas on the spring rates and stresses of CWS have been presented by an American spring maker of Smalley Steel Ring Company, Nishio, and Japan Spring Manufacturers Association (for short, JSMA). But none of them are practical, because the accuracy is not enough. Moreover the derivations of the formulas are not clear in the case of Smalley and JSMA. It has been observed that CWS show nonlinear spring characteristics in large deflection, however, the cause has not been made clear. In this research, spring rates and stresses for CWS are analyzed theoretically. A cause of the nonlinear spring characteristics is made clear, too. Then empirical formulas on the spring rates and stresses are derived by comparing the theoretical results with experiments and FEM analysis.

著者

小玉 正雄

出版者

日本ばね学会

雑誌

ばね論文集 (ISSN:03856917)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1961, no.7, pp.169-172, 1961-12-15 (Released:2010-03-16)

出版者

日本ばね学会

雑誌

ばね論文集 (ISSN:03856917)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1998, no.43, pp.137-143, 1998-03-31 (Released:2010-02-26)

著者

各種測定法による硬さの換算法に関する研究委員会

出版者

日本ばね学会

雑誌

ばね論文集 (ISSN:03856917)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2011, no.56, pp.33-41, 2011-04-28 (Released:2011-11-10)

参考文献数

2

---

In spring factory, large size springs are manufactured in hot forming process. In many cases, the hardness of hot formed springs is inspected by Brinell hardness test. The quality agreement between customer and manufacturer on hardness is often established by other hardness like Vickers and Rockwell hardness, though the spring hardness quality control in shop floor is done by Brinell hardness. Therefore, hardness conversion is often carried out. SAE-J417 has been used for the hardness conversion in the spring industry for this purpose. However, it is often said that the hardness conversion value is not adequate in the area where the hardness is higher than conventional area. This committee started on investigating the difference between SAE-J417 conversion data and various spring hardness test data on June 2007. The purpose of this committee is to offer the new conversion data between various hardness tests for the spring steel and to establish JSMA standard. As a result of three years activity, following findings were obtained.(1) It has been understood that the correlation in Brinell hardness, Rockwell hardness and Vickers hardness is not necessarily correct in SAE-J417 data as the result of various hardness tests on SUP9 spring steel.(2) The dispersion was ±1.5% in maximum when measuring the hardness by Brinell hardness tester, Rockwell hardness tester and Vickers hardness tester.(3) The dispersion was about one percent as a result of investigating the influence of testing load in Vickers hardness measuring.(4) The correlation between various hardness tests using several grades of spring steel did not show clear difference by steel grades. (So, the committee made a new conversion table for spring steel by treating all the data from different steel grades as data from one grade.)

著者

圧縮コイルばねのへたりに関する研究委員会

出版者

日本ばね学会

雑誌

ばね論文集 (ISSN:03856917)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2014, no.59, pp.47-62, 2014 (Released:2014-12-01)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

2

---

Height reduction of compressive coil springs (height loss) is considered to be the effect of creep phenomenon. Height loss of coil springs made of SWOSC-V behaves 3 different temperature dependency in elevated temperature zone, namely lower region (100-200℃), mid region (250-300℃), and higher region (350-400℃). These behavior are quite different from much elevated temperature region. In lower region, Cottrell effect seems to be the governing factor of creep speed. On the other hand, IS effect has the governing role in higher region. In mid region, the creep speed is governed by a transition mechanism from Cottrell to IS effect.

著者

小口 宗三郎

出版者

日本ばね学会

雑誌

ばね論文集 (ISSN:03856917)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1972, no.17, pp.10-18, 1972-05-18 (Released:2010-02-26)

被引用文献数

1

著者

ばね文化財調査委員会

出版者

日本ばね学会

雑誌

ばね論文集 (ISSN:03856917)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2012, no.57, pp.41-57, 2012-05-30 (Released:2012-12-03)

---

This report provides the survey of Japanese spring technological heritage in the 20th century which was conducted by a JSSE designated committee from 2009 to 2012. The 115 proposed items include coiling machines, spring testing machines, books and papers on spring design & spring manufacturing. Their whereabouts and technical significance are listed in this report. The existing historical coiling machines are listed in chronological manner. The development of spring manufacturing technology is also explained in this table.

著者

清水 浩

出版者

日本ばね学会

雑誌

ばね論文集 (ISSN:03856917)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2008, no.53, pp.81-86, 2008-05-07 (Released:2008-11-01)