著者

簗瀬 歩

出版者

東海体育学会

雑誌

スポーツ健康科学研究 (ISSN:21875715)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, pp.1-9, 2023 (Released:2023-07-03)

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This paper aims to deepen our understanding of motivation for sports activities and to clarify its management measures. For that purpose, I have reviewed the literature and previous studies that focus on motivation and proceeded with consideration. The results can be summarized from three perspectives.1. Motivation toward sports activities influences the direction, aggressiveness, and persistence of behavior toward sports activities. Motivation is important in the sense that it involves processes such as effort, task performance, reward acquisition, and activity satisfaction.2. Motivation research can be divided into two types: the one that focuses on the content and selection of motivation, and the other that focuses on the mechanism by which motivation arises. Many research results have been accumulated in both psychology and business administration, but supplementary examinations and verifications targeting sports activities are still insufficient.3. In order to draw out motivation, it is necessary to consider environmental factor maintenance for the target. The focus is on the content of the activity and the control of the people and organizations surrounding the subject. At present, abstract methodologies have been presented, but systematic and concrete arrangements are required.Looking forward to future research based on these results, issues from two perspectives are presented. The first is that interdisciplinary efforts will progress in this area in the future and that opinions will be unified. The other is to try to use a method that differs from statistical analysis based on questionnaire surveys in motivation research. On the other hand, in order to ensure the results of research, it is important to have predecessors’ follow-up tests and re-verifications.

著者

内田 良

出版者

東海体育学会

雑誌

スポーツ健康科学研究 (ISSN:21875715)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, pp.1-9, 2022 (Released:2022-09-16)

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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to clarify the attitudes of teachers who lead extracurricular activities in schools by using various statistical data. Today, coaching extracurricular activity is known as the main cause of long working hours, however, it is not necessarily forced labor, nor is it the problem solely within the school. The background behind the overheating of extracurricular activities must be described from multiple perspectives. Methods: Using some questionnaire surveys conducted by the national and local governments as well as one conducted by the author as a joint research project, the following issues were examined: 1) positive and negative emotions associated with coaching, 2) the gap between individual ideas and school decisions, 3) the relationship between long hours of coaching and perceived expectations from parents, 4) how the mandatory membership is justified. Results: The following findings were obtained: 1) Coaching is not only burdensome but also enjoyable, 2) Many individuals feel uncomfortable, but the school maintains it as it has always done, 3) Subjective feelings of parental expectations and longer coaching hours are strongly correlated, 4) Respect for independence and institutional misunderstandings justify the forced membership of students. Conclusion: Long hours of coaching is not necessarily a forced burden, nor is it something that can be constructed solely within the school.

著者

山本 裕二

出版者

東海体育学会

雑誌

スポーツ健康科学研究 (ISSN:21875715)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, pp.1-14, 2021 (Released:2022-08-24)

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Motor control and learning are among the main themes in sport psychology. The development of research regarding motor control and learning encompasses two different approaches: the information processing or computational approach and the ecological or dynamical system approach. The motor program is a key concept in the information processing approach, derived from the development of informatics. Schema theory and the hypothesis of practice variability were supported by various motor tasks. On the other hand, the ecological perspective was developed in relation to the problem of degrees of freedom. The concept of self-organization was applied to the generation of movement patterns through applications of the dynamical system to individual skills. When applied to the act of striking a tennis ball, the dynamical system with temporal input revealed a fractal transition between two attractors during switching between forehand and backhand strokes. Based on these results, a new training method was proposed, and the effect was examined. Next, concerning interpersonal skills, the synchronization of two opposing players was examined in games of tag and kendo using relative phase analysis based on oscillator dynamics. The anti-phase synchronization of the forward-backward step movement was increased with learning sessions in playing tag. Expert kendo players also switched between anti-phase and in-phase movements corresponding to the critical interpersonal distance. The triadic coordination of a 3-vs.-1 ball possession task was examined from the perspective of symmetry breaking, and the expert showed less symmetry breaking. The simulation results were confirmed based on the social force model, and the cooperative force was identified as most important. Training equipment that enhanced cooperative force was developed, and the effects were examined. Finally, we proposed that future research should focus on interpersonal skills as sport skills.