著者
畠山 亮
出版者
Japan Legal History Association
雑誌
法制史研究 (ISSN:04412508)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2001, no.51, pp.101-124,en7, 2002-03-30 (Released:2009-11-16)

Recent studies of the late medieval Japanese constitutional history focus on regional communities, and place special focus on the fact that the structure of social order was autonomous and self-enforced by the people themselves. These viewpoints are based upon the concept of the Kubo, which has a meaning of keeping the village community peace. Examining the term Kubo mainly, I will reconsider the position of the feudal lord in the late medieval village community.From the research of the Kubo in Suganoura during the Muromachi era, I found that the concept of the public (Oyake, [_??_]) in the late medieval regional community has a strong relationship with the govern-mental authorities. This means that we have to attach more importance to the substance of the Kubo - the governmental authorities, to say more, being the lord of the manor.Considering above, I carried out the research on the position of the feudal lord by examining Kujo Masamoto, who was a lord of Hine-no-sho. Kujo was struggling with the Hosokawa family (Shugo, _??__??_) and the heads of the Negoro-temple for the dominance of the Hine-no-sho. Kujo's power base was not as strong as Hosokawa's, but the regional community never prevented Kujo from being the lord of the manor. This was because of the legitimacy derived from his position as the Kubo. I can also find that the Negoro-temple possessed the necessary qualities for the position as lord, as they had not only sufficient military forces but also religious authority accepted by the regional community. The Negoro-temple therefore succeeded Kujo as the next lord with few complications.In conclusion, although recent studies place too much emphasis on the said concept of the Kubo, it is impossible to clarify the whole constitutional situation during the late medieval period from these onesided views. It is therefore necessary to regard the feudal lord from a more holistic perspective, in other words, by attaching importance not only to the concept of the Kubo but also to the substance of it.
著者
水林 彪
出版者
Japan Legal History Association
雑誌
法制史研究
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1997, no.47, pp.1-62,en3, 1997

Le pr&eacute;sent article a pour but de montrer que l'&eacute;tude de la fable racont&eacute;e dans le <I>Kojiki</I> (<I>Le Dit des choses anciennes</I>) constitue une t&acirc;che indispensable &agrave; la v&eacute;ritable compr&eacute;hension de I'Etat antique japonais (<I>Ritsury&ocirc;sei-kokka</I>). L'ensemble, pr&eacute;c&eacute;d&eacute; d'une introduction et suivi d'une conclusion, est compos&eacute; de quatre parties. Apr&egrave;s avoir indiqu&eacute; dans l'introduction l'objectif de cette &eacute;tude, nous avons proc&eacute;d&eacute;, dans la premi&egrave;re partie &laquo;L'Etat antique selon Ishimoda Sho&raquo;, &agrave; un examen critique des travaux de ce grand historien qui ont profond&eacute;ment marqu&eacute; l'image et la compr&eacute;hension actuelles de I'Etat antique japonais pour signaler qu'il manque tout de m&ecirc;me, dans ses &eacute;laborations, une pi&egrave;ce essentielle concernant l'aspect id&eacute;ologique de I'Etat antique en gestation entre la fin du 7<SUP>e</SUP> si&egrave;cle et le debut du 8<SUP>e</SUP> si&egrave;cle. A travers l'analyse du discours prononc&eacute; en 697 par I'empereur Monmu &agrave; l'occasion de son intronisation (deuxi&egrave;me partie &laquo;La justification de la royaut&eacute; selon la fable du<I>Kojiki</I> &raquo;), &agrave; travers aussi celle de la grande f&ecirc;te Kinen pour la prosp&eacute;rit&eacute; et la fertilit&eacute; (troisi&egrave;me partie &laquo;La communaut&eacute; c&eacute;r&eacute;moniale&raquo;) et, enfin, &agrave; travers la consid&eacute;ration des divers titres accord&eacute;s au roi (quatri&egrave;me partie &laquo;La communaut&eacute; c&eacute;r&eacute;moniale et le lien roi-sujet&raquo;), nous avons mis en lumi&egrave;re le fait que l'arri&egrave;re-fond de tout cela nest en fait rien d'autre que l'histoire mythique relat&eacute;e dans le <I>Kojiki</I>. En somme, nous avons voulu souligner qu'il faut n&eacute;cessairement se tourner vers cette oeuvre fondatrice, si l'on veut saisir I'Etat antique sous tous ses aspects. Enfin, pour terminer, un regard critique dirig&eacute; vers l'histoire des recherches sur cette p&eacute;riode de I'histoire du Japon nous a permis de conclure &agrave; l'absence de r&eacute;flexions approfondies sur la fable du <I>Kojiki</I> dans le champ des sciences historiques. Nous avons voulu ainsi attirer l'attention sur la n&eacute;cessit&eacute; de reprendre tout le dossier afin de construire une autre image de l'Etat antique japonais.