著者

大平 充宣 田畑 泉

出版者

Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology

雑誌

The Annals of physiological anthropology (ISSN:02878429)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.3, pp.319-323, 1992-05-01 (Released:2008-02-08)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

3 4

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Blood lactate level begins to increase at a certain work load or oxygen consumption which is called as anaerobic threshold (AT). However, numerous studies showed that anaerobic glycolysis is not the cause of the enhanced accumulation of blood lactate during exercise. Increased lactate production is seen even in fully aerobic muscles. Some studies suggest that elevation of lactate is due to a temporary imbalance between the rates of pyruvate formation by aerobic glycolysis and pyruvate utilization in the Krebs cycle. These results clearly suggest

著者

奥田 豊子 西村(三好) 弘子 巻田 知恵 片山(須川) 洋子 羽間 鋭雄 清水 毅 山口 雄三

出版者

Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology

雑誌

The Annals of physiological anthropology (ISSN:02878429)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.6, pp.393-401, 1994-11-01 (Released:2008-02-08)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

2 1

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To elucidate the mechanisms of adaptation to a low-energy and low-protein vegan diet, we carried out dietary surveys and nitrogen balance studies five times during one year on two women and a man who ate raw brown rice, raw green vegetables, three kinds of raw roots, fruit and salt daily. Individual subjects modified this vegan diet slightly. The mean daily energy intake of the subjects was 18, 14, and 32 kcallkg, of body weight. The loss of body weight was about 10% of the initial level. The daily nitrogen balance was -32, -33, and 1lmg N/kg of body weight. In spite of the negative nitrogen balance, the results of routine clinical tests, initially normal, did not change with the vegan diet. Ten months after the start of the vegan diet, the subjects were given 15N urea orally. The incorporation of 15N into serum proteins suggested that these subjects could utilize urea nitrogen for body protein synthesis. The level of 15N in serum proteins was close to the level in other normal adult men on a low-protein diet with adequate energy for 2 weeks.

著者

C. G. Nicholas Mascie-Taylor Rie Goto

出版者

Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology

雑誌

Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY (ISSN:18806791)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.2, pp.109-112, 2007 (Released:2007-04-15)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

30 50

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Use of BMI as a surrogate for body fat percentage is debatable and universal BMI cut-off points do not seem appropriate; lower cut-off points than currently recommended by WHO should be used in some populations, especially in Asia. The adult WHO BMI database indicates that, on average, women are more obese than men, while men are more likely to be pre-obese than women. Urban rates of overweight and obesity are generally higher than rural rates in both sexes. The trend in pre-obesity and obesity over time is generally upward, with very marked increases in the USA and UK in both sexes over the last 10 years.

著者

Jin-Hun Sohn Soon-Cheol Chung Eun-Hye Jang

出版者

Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology

雑誌

Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY and Applied Human Science (ISSN:13453475)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.51-53, 2005 (Released:2005-02-01)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

4 8

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This study aimed to investigate whether inhalation of the air with 30% oxygen compared with normal air enhances cognitive functioning through increased activation in the brain. The verbal and visuospatial tasks were performed while brain images were scanned. The results showed that there were improvements in performance and also increased activation in several brain areas under the condition of 30% oxygen. These results suggest that a higher concentration of the inhaled oxygen increases the saturation of the blood oxygen in the brain, and facilitates cognitive performance.

著者

Yuko Tsunetsugu Bum-Jin Park Hideki Ishii Hideki Hirano Takahide Kagawa Yoshifumi Miyazaki

出版者

Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology

雑誌

Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY (ISSN:18806791)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.2, pp.135-142, 2007 (Released:2007-04-15)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

100 202

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The physiological effects of “Shinrin-yoku” (taking in the atmosphere of the forest) were examined by investigating blood pressure, pulse rate, heart rate variability (HRV), salivary cortisol concentration, and immunoglobulin A concentration in saliva. Subjective feelings of being “comfortable”, “calm”, and “refreshed” were also assessed by questionnaire. The subjects were 12 male university students aged from 21 to 23 (mean±SD: 22.0±1.0). The physiological measurements were conducted six times, i.e., in the morning and evening before meals at the place of accommodation, before and after the subjects walked a predetermined course in the forest and city areas for 15 minutes, and before and after they sat still on a chair watching the scenery in the respective areas for 15 minutes. The findings were as follows. In the forest area compared to the city area, 1) blood pressure and pulse rate were significantly lower, and 2) the power of the HF component of the HRV tended to be higher and LF/(LF+HF) tended to be lower. Also, 3) salivary cortisol concentration was significantly lower in the forest area. These physiological responses suggest that sympathetic nervous activity was suppressed and parasympathetic nervous activity was enhanced in the forest area, and that “Shinrin-yoku” reduced stress levels. In the subjective evaluation, 4) “comfortable”, “calm”, and “refreshed” feelings were significantly higher in the forest area. The present study has, by conducting physiological investigations with subjective evaluations as supporting evidence, demonstrated the relaxing and stress-relieving effects of “Shinrin-yoku”.

著者

Nobuko Hashiguchi Furong Ni Yutaka Tochihara

出版者

Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology

雑誌

Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY and Applied Human Science (ISSN:13453475)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.6, pp.277-283, 2002 (Released:2003-03-01)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

13 24

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The effects of bathroom thermal conditions on physiological and subjective responses were evaluated before, during, and after whole-body bath (W-bath), half-body bath (H-bath) and showering. The air temperature of the dressing room and bathroom was controlled at 10°C, 17.5°C, and 25°C. Eight healthy males bathed for 10 min under nine conditions on separate days. The water temperature of the bathtub and shower was controlled at 40°C and 41°C, respectively. Rectal temperature (Tre), mean skin temperature (Tsk), blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), body weight loss and blood characteristics (hematocrit: Hct, hemoglobin: Hb) were evaluated. Also, thermal sensation (TS), thermal comfort (TC) and thermal acceptability (TA) were recorded.BP decreased rapidly during W-bath and H-bath compared to showering. HR during W-bath was significantly higher than for H-bath and showering (p<0.01). The double products due to W-bath during bathing were also greater than for H-bath and showering (p<0.05). There were no distinct differences in Hct and Hb among the nine conditions. However, significant differences in body weight loss were observed among the bathing methods: W-bath>H-bath>showering (p<0.001). W-bath showed the largest increase in Tre and Tsk, followed by H-bath, and showering. Significant differences in Tre after bathing among the room temperatures were found only at H-bath. The changes in Tre after bathing for H-bath at 25°C were similar to those for W-bath at 17.5°C and 10°C. TS and TC after bathing significantly differed for the three bathing methods at 17.5°C and 10°C (TS: p<0.01 TC: p<0.001). Especially, for showering, the largest number of subjects felt “cold” and “uncomfortable”. Even though all of the subjects could accept the 10°C condition after W-bath, such conditions were intolerable to half of them after showering.These results suggested that the physiological strains during H-bath and showering were smaller than during W-bath. However, colder room temperatures made it more difficult to retain body warmth after H-bath and created thermal discomfort after showering. It is particularly important for H-bath and showering to maintain an acceptable temperature in the dressing room and bathroom, in order to bathe comfortably and ensure warmth.

著者

NAKADE Miyo TAKEUCHI Hitomi TANIWAKI Nozomi NOJI Teruki HARADA Tetsuo

出版者

Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology

雑誌

Journal of physiological anthropology (ISSN:18806791)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.5, pp.239-245, 2009-09-01

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

1 34

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Tryptophan (Trp) intake at breakfast promotes morning-typed circadian typology and higher sleep quality in Japanese children aged 0–6 yrs (Harada et al., 2007). This effect may be accelerated by morning exposure to sunlight, which has not yet been tested. This study aimed to investigate such an effect in Japanese children. In May, 2006, an integrated questionnaire was administered to 0–6-year-old children attending one of 12 kindergartens. 906 parents answered the questionnaire for their children and themselves (response rate: 67.4%). The integrated questionnaire included the revised version for children of the Morningness-Eveningness (M-E) Questionnaire and questions on sleep, nutritional balance, mental health, and sunlight exposure. Analysis was made on data from 744 children aged 2–6 (385 girls, 359 boys) whose average M-E score was 20.6±3.46. Children who had breakfast at regular times tended to be more morning-typed and were less frequently angry (<i>p</i>=0.001) and depressed (<i>p</i>=0.007). Children who had nutritionally well-balanced breakfasts tended to be more morning-typed (<i>p</i><0.001), and woke up and fell asleep at earlier times (<i>p</i><0.001). Children with higher protein intake tended to have higher M-E scores (<i>p</i><0.001) and earlier bedtime and wake-up time (<i>p</i>=0.003). Children exposed to sunlight for 30–60 min on their way to kindergarten showed more distinctive shifting-effects to morning-type with protein intake than those exposed to sunlight for less than 20 min (<i>p</i>=0.006). A well-balanced breakfast might be a strong <i>zeitgeber</i> for circadian oscillators of children, and the morning-type driving effect of protein intake could be accelerated by morning exposure to sunlight.

著者

広木 晋也 柴田 知己 佐藤 陽彦

出版者

Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology

雑誌

The Annals of physiological anthropology (ISSN:02878429)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.3, pp.147-153, 1991

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The purpose of the present study was to examine hemispheric differences in visual recogni-tion of two kanji letters. Kanji phrases and nonsense kanji letters were presented unilaterally to the left or right visual hemifield in thirty normal right-handed men by a tachistoscope. The experiments were separated into three conditions ; the mixing task (ten phrases and ten sets of nonsense letters are presented by mixture), the phrase task (twenty phrases are presented), and the nonsense letters task (twenty sets of nonsense letters are presented). Under all conditions, significant right visual hemifield superiorities for the accuracy of recognition of phrase and nonsense letters were observed.

著者

Paulo Gentil Elke Oliveira Martim Bottaro

出版者

Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology

雑誌

Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY (ISSN:18806791)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.5, pp.339-344, 2006 (Released:2006-10-01)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

27 47

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Mechanical stimuli have often been suggested to be the major determinant of resistance training adaptations; however, some studies suggested that metabolic changes also play an important role in the gains of muscle size and strength. Several resistance training methods (RTM) have been employed with the purpose of manipulating mechanical and metabolic stimuli; however, information about their physiological effects are scarce. The objective of this study was to compare the time under tension (TUT) and blood lactate responses among four different RTM reported in the literature. The four RTM were performed in a knee extension machine at 10 repetition maximum (RM) load by 12 recreationally trained young men. The RTM tested were: 10RM, super-slow (SL—subjects performed one 60-second repetition with 30 seconds for eccentric and 30 seconds for concentric phase), functional isometrics (FI—in each repetition, a five-second maximal isometric contraction was executed with the knees fully extended) and adapted vascular occlusion (VO—subjects performed a 20-second maximal isometric contraction with the knees fully extended and immediately proceeded to normal isoinertial lifts). According to the results, all RTM produced significant increases in blood lactate levels. However, blood lactate responses during FI (4.48±1.57 mM) and VO (4.23±1.66 mM) methods were higher than the SL method (3.41±1.14 mM). The TUT for SL (60 s), FI (56.33±6.46 s), and VO (53.08±4.76 s) methods were higher than TUT for 10RM (42.08±3.18 s). Additionally, TUT for the SL method was higher than TUT during the VO method. Therefore, the SL method may not be recommended if one wants to provide a high metabolic stimulus. The FI method appeared to be especially effective in promoting both type of stimuli.