- 著者
-
平山 朝治
Asaji HIRAYAMA
- 出版者
- Master's and Doctoral Programs in International and Advanced Japanese Studies, Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Tsukuba
- 雑誌
- 国際日本研究 = Journal of International and Advanced Japanese Studies (ISSN:21860564)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.12, pp.1-22, 2020-02
日本で途切れることなく定められるようになった最初の元号である大宝は首皇子(後の聖武天皇)誕生に因んだものと思われ、中国の建元が漢の武帝即位を基準とするのとは異なり、キリスト受肉紀元ADの影響があるのではないかという仮説を立てて検証を試みる。ADは641年には東シリア教会キリスト教とともに唐に伝わっており、久米邦武は聖徳太子伝にキリスト伝の影響があるとし、7世紀後半に唐からそれが伝わったと論じたが、根拠薄弱と批判されてきた。中国経由ではなく、インド人夫婦をはじめとするドヴァーラヴァティー(現在のタイ国チャオプラヤー川下流域)の遣唐使節が654年日向に漂着し、彼らによってキリスト教が伝えられたことが、天智朝において製作されて流通した日本最初の鋳貨である杋銀貨(無文銀銭)や、インドから中国を経ずに朝鮮半島を経由して日本に渡来したとされる善光寺本尊如来によって裏付けられ、善光寺信仰のほか、祇園信仰、怨霊・御霊信仰や春秋彼岸会にもキリスト教の影響を読みとることができる。日本に定着した不可逆的な歴史意識は終末を欠いており、ダーウィンの進化論との相性がよいことを丸山真男は指摘し、岡本太郎は’70年万博の太陽の塔のなかに生命の樹としてそれを表現した。終末思想は周期化されて辛酉革命・甲子革令の思想に基づく改元慣行となった。後醍醐天皇や孝明天皇の在位中にそれらによる改元があって討幕運動が高まり、1921辛酉年には原敬首相暗殺が起こり、その前後に大正デモクラシーが昂揚した。また、日本固有の進化論的歴史意識は高度経済成長後アイドルが担うようになった。The Taiho era, which was the first era to be established without interruption in Japan, started from the birth of Prince Obito, who later became Emperor Shomu. This era is quite different from China’s Kengen era, which was based on the enthronement of the Emperor Wu of Han. In this paper, we explore and test the hypothesis of the influence of the anno domino (AD) period after Christ’s incarnation on Taiho.AD was transmitted to Tang with East-Syriac Christianity in 641. Although Kunitake KUME points out that Christianity influenced Prince Shotoku’s biography and that it was transmitted from Tang to Japan in the late 7th century, this argument has been criticized as unsound. An entourage which included an envoy of Dvaravati (the present-day Chao Phraya River area in Thailand) as well as Indian couples who intended to pay tribute to Tang came to Japan in 654 via a route that by-passed China. The fact that they also brought Christianity to Japan is supported by the production and circulation of the first Japanese coin (Bon Silver Coin), circulated in the Tenchi era. The principal image of Amida Sanzo-zo (the statue of Amida Triad) in Zenko-ji Temple (善光寺)is believed to have been sent to Japan from India via the Korean peninsula without passing through China. In addition to the Zenko-ji Faith, Christianity’s influence can also be found in the Gion Faith (祇園信仰), the Spiritual Faith (怨霊・御霊信仰), and the Spring/Autumn Fair Party (春秋彼岸会).As pointed out by Masao MARUYAMA, the irreversible historical consciousness that has been established in Japan is unending and compatible with Darwin’s theory of evolution. Taro OKAMOTO expresses it as the Tree of Life within the Tower of the Sun in the 1970 Exposition. Eschatological thought was transformed into cyclical patterns and was found in the practice of Kaigens based on the ideas of the Shin-yu Revolution (辛酉革命)and the Ko-shi change of order (甲子革令). During the reigns of Emperor Godaigo and Emperor Komei, the Kaigens based on these ideas were performed and the abolition movement against shogunate government(幕府)became dominant. Prime Minister Takashi (Kei) HARA was assassinated in 1921, and the Taisho democracy movement started to become dominant around that time. In addition, Japan’s unique evolutionary historical consciousness has been expressed by idols since the period of high economic growth.