著者

長松 隆 菅野 裕介 竹村 憲太郎

出版者

ヒューマンインタフェース学会

雑誌

ヒューマンインタフェース学会論文誌 (ISSN:13447262)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.1, pp.73-88, 2021 (Released:2021-02-25)

参考文献数

132

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The need for personal calibration has been one of the most significant technical limitations in video-based eye tracking, and there have been many research attempts on calibration-free techniques. This paper reviews calibration-free eye tracking techniques from two perspectives: person-independent gaze estimation and implicit personal calibration. Person-independent gaze estimation is the technique to infer gaze directions without considering person-dependent parameters. The methods in this category include both model-based approaches to estimate the optical axis angle and appearance-based approaches to obtain generic gaze estimation functions. Implicit personal calibration refers to the technique to adjust person-dependent parameters for better estimation accuracy without relying on any explicit calibration instruction. The methods in this category utilize various cues such as bottom-up fixation prediction, environmental/anatomical constraints, and correlation in temporal patterns to predict gaze target locations. This review summarizes representative approaches in both categories and discusses future perspectives and potential application scenarios.