著者

上原 麻子

出版者

神田外語大学

雑誌

異文化コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:09153446)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.31-57, 2001-03

---

This study attempts to clarify the complex phenomenon of communication by applying Goffman's micro-functional analytical model on flow of conversation. The model consists of two phases of the interaction mechanism : One is pan-cultural "system constraints, " and the other entails, culture-bound "ritual constraints." The specific objective is to provide evidence showing that people over the world have the same mechanism of face-to-face communication, but its process may vary from intracultural interaction to intercultural communication. This paper is divided into five sections. The first section delineates both theoretically and empirically how the basis of communication is non-linguistic. The second section presents an argument on the importance of interactive approach by criticizing fixed and formalistic units of linguistic and conversational analyses. The third section deals with the "system constraints" of which critical requirements are elements of meta-communication. The discussion includes the theory of relevance constructed by Sperber and Wilson. The forth section deals with "ritual constraints." It shows several examples of culturally different communication patterns which affect the system constraints and consequently change their function and communication process. The final section is an overview and a brief discussion on meanings of a universal communication pattern of "turn-taking" and human plasticity.