著者

柿崎 正樹

出版者

神田外語大学

雑誌

異文化コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:09153446)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, pp.113-143, 2006-03

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This study explores some of the core elements of anti-semitism in modern Turkey with special reference to Pan-Turkism and Islamism. Despite the fact that Turkish republic was established as nation-state with civic nationalism, which, theoretically speaking, treats all nations within the border as equal citizens, the Jews have been excluded from the boundary of the definition of Turkish citizens. Relying on some recent studies on Turkish nationalism and on the relationship between the Turkish government and minority groups, this paper examines how Pan-Turkist and Islamist intellectuals have presented the Jews in their works and contends that the Jews have been regarded as the people deviating from the three components of the definition of the Turkish nation, that is, ethnicity, religion, and territoriality.

著者

坂内 知子

出版者

神田外語大学

雑誌

異文化コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:09153446)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.83-103, 2003-03

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The Iwakura Embassy was the first and last state embassy sent for the purpose of seeking a vision for future Japan. In the beginning, it had three aims for visiting the United States and eleven European countries: the first one was to be official visits to deliver imperial letters to the heads of the countries with which Japan had concluded treaties before Meiji Revolution. The second one was to make political efforts to improve the conditions for the reconclusion of the unequal treaties in the near future. The third one was the most realistic: so that the top leaders of the Meiji government could see the realities of advanced Europe (including the United States) and to learn the secret of modernization for Japan. Regarding the second and third aims, there have been a lot of research and thinking. However, the first goal has been taken for granted. Having the audience of a country's president or emperor is a most effective occasion to consider and become familiar with the characteristics of that nation. In this paper, I will study the audience received by the Iwakura Embassy in Imperial Russia as a subject of intercultural communication, and examine how the Japanese emissaries perceived the essense of that ceremony, and what influence was exerted over Japan through them.

著者

伊藤 恵美子

出版者

神田外語大学

雑誌

異文化コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:09153446)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, pp.145-160, 2006-03

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This study attempts to investigate the correlation of length with appropriateness in terms of refusals to an invitation. The data was collected from 116 Japanese native speakers who participated in a survey. The survey consisted of two variables: 1) length (long/short) and 2) appropriateness (appropriate/inappropriate). The analysis of the survey results verified the general hypothesis that, "Longer expressions are politer than shorter expressions with regard to refusals under the condition that the expression is appropriate." The results of the present study show an important implication for learners of the Japanese language. The Japanese language is considered HC communication (High Context). This means that the context of communication is important in socio-cultural discourses regarding Japanese language use. If these socio-cultural expressions of communication are not followed, communication is considered incomplete (Hall 1976). This suggests that learners also need to be able to estimate the appropriate level of politeness in a close relationship and to use acceptable expressions when speaking with Japanese native speakers.

著者

藤岡 典子

出版者

神田外語大学

雑誌

異文化コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:09153446)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, pp.29-51, 2010-03

著者

清 ルミ

出版者

神田外語大学

雑誌

異文化コミュニケ-ション研究 (ISSN:09153446)

巻号頁・発行日

no.16, pp.1-23, 2004

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研究論文ArticleThis study aims to ascertain whether the actual Japanese way of speaking is reflected in Japanese language textbooks and to consider whether Japanese teachers recognize actual Japanese way of speaking, focusing on the phrase "naide kudasai". The comparative pilot research involving Japanese language teachers and persons concerned with medical care led me to frame two hypotheses regarding use of the phrase 'naide kudasai'; the first is that the contents of Japanese textbooks are "imprinted" upon the consciousness of Japanese language teachers, the second is that the real Japanese way of speaking is not evident in the contents of Japanese textbooks. The following surveys and analyses were conducted in order to examine the hypotheses: 1) A comparative survey concerning the usage of 'naide kudasai' among 100 Japanese language teachers in Tokyo and 100 non-teachers drawn from all other professional and non-professional sectors of society in Tokyo. 2) Analyses of the phrase 'naide kudasai' in the top 8 Japanese language textbooks. 3) Analyses of the usage of 'naide kudasai' in; 4 episodes of the famous television drama: "Kita no kuni kara", and in 7 of the "Otoko wa tsurai yo" film series during the 1990s. Both of these dramas have been long term successes with Japanese audiences. Comparative study of the results of the survey and analyses led to the identification of 9 different functions of the phrase 'naide kudasai'. There were clear parallels between the functions that the phrase would most commonly fulfill in the drama and film and in the usage by non-teachers. In contrast when used by teachers and in textbooks, the phrase tended to fulfill different function, mostly of a less emotional nature. The study proved the first hypothesis possible and the second hypothesis valid. This paper suggested that neither the contents of Japanese language textbooks, nor the use of the phrase by Japanese language teachers, are based on the concept of communicative competence.

著者

上原 麻子

出版者

神田外語大学

雑誌

異文化コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:09153446)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.31-57, 2001-03

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This study attempts to clarify the complex phenomenon of communication by applying Goffman's micro-functional analytical model on flow of conversation. The model consists of two phases of the interaction mechanism : One is pan-cultural "system constraints, " and the other entails, culture-bound "ritual constraints." The specific objective is to provide evidence showing that people over the world have the same mechanism of face-to-face communication, but its process may vary from intracultural interaction to intercultural communication. This paper is divided into five sections. The first section delineates both theoretically and empirically how the basis of communication is non-linguistic. The second section presents an argument on the importance of interactive approach by criticizing fixed and formalistic units of linguistic and conversational analyses. The third section deals with the "system constraints" of which critical requirements are elements of meta-communication. The discussion includes the theory of relevance constructed by Sperber and Wilson. The forth section deals with "ritual constraints." It shows several examples of culturally different communication patterns which affect the system constraints and consequently change their function and communication process. The final section is an overview and a brief discussion on meanings of a universal communication pattern of "turn-taking" and human plasticity.

著者

菊池 民子

出版者

神田外語大学

雑誌

異文化コミュニケ-ション研究 (ISSN:09153446)

巻号頁・発行日

no.21, pp.61-76, 2009

著者

清 ルミ

出版者

神田外語大学

雑誌

異文化コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:09153446)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.17-39, 2003-03

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研究論文ArticleThis study aims to verify whether actual Japanese way of speaking is reflected in Japanese language textbooks, which are usually considered the model of speech and behavior for foreign students. Expression of understatement could be said to be typical aspect of Japanese speech patterns. In this study I focused on the expression "tumaranaimonodesuga". Scenes involving the giving gifts were analyzed and collated from Japanese language textbooks and compared with the results of surveys held in Shizuoka Prefecture. Through this comparative study I verified the validity of the following three theories. First theory is that Japanese people actually use phrases expressing deference or humility when giving gifts. Second theory is that "tsumaranaimonodesuga" is one of the most typical phrases Japanese people use when giving gifts. Third theory is that the phrases introduced in Japanese language textbooks to describe scenes giving gifts are actually the phrases expressing humility that Japanese most often use. Comparative study showed that while the first theory was proven as valid, the second and third theories were not.

著者

目黒 潮

出版者

神田外語大学

雑誌

異文化コミュニケ-ション研究 (ISSN:09153446)

巻号頁・発行日

no.17, pp.49-78, 2005

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論文

著者

清 ルミ

出版者

神田外語大学

雑誌

異文化コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:09153446)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.57-73, 1998-03

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The purpose of this paper is to identify factors inhibiting communication between Japanese staff and foreign staff members with advanced Japanese language skills (FSAJLS). A survey was conducted from June to November in 1994. 142 employees, both Japanese and FSAJLS, working at 43 companies throughout Tokyo, were surveyed. The survey was intended to examine the causes for barriers in business communicaton between Japanese and FSAJIS and the estimation of the roles of the FSAJLS in their companies. The results are summarized as follows : Both Japanese and FSAJLS found many barriers in the Japanese language skills of the FSAJLS. The main linguistic barrier is their lack of skills in assessing situations correctly and assuming the appropriate speech register in the process of ongoing conversations. Also, the FSAJLS have great psychological difficulties in dealing with the prejudices of the Japanese. As for the roles of the FSAJLS, there is a perception gap between Japanese and FSAJLS. The analysis of the results indicates that the present situation calls for considerable improvement in Japanese companies, by setting up an environment which would accept Japanese speaking foreign staff.

著者

奥島 美夏

出版者

神田外語大学

雑誌

異文化コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:09153446)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.21-42, 2008-03