著者

久留島 浩

出版者

公益財団法人史学会

雑誌

史學雜誌 (ISSN:00182478)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.95, no.8, pp.1346-1378, 1419-1420, 1986-08-20

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In the early part of the modern period those in power legitimized their authority in the consciousness of the people by forcing on them various patterns of etiquette and ceremony. In the same way in Early Modern Japan the bakufu and han authorities succeeded in securing its everyday management of the populace through the enforcing of many forms of etiquette and ceremony. For example, when the shogun or a daimyo travelled in procession the people living along the route used were required to perform many highly formalized and troublesome duties. By performing such duties as greeting and viewing the procession according to the rules of formality and performing ritualized services for the procession, the people were compelled to feel and experience the authority of the shogun and those in power. This paper investigates the historical significance of some of the ceremonial duties which were imposed on the people who lived along the roads whenever a shogun or daimyo procession passed. These formalities were the making of small conical piles of white sand in front of each house on either side of the road (morisuna), spreading white sand on the road (makisuna), and the placing of brooms and buckets in front of each house. These activities were part of the etiquette of road cleaning and purification, and as such were part of the broader formalities of "hospitality" (Chiso) due to the shogun or daimyo along the road. The placing of brooms, buckets and piles of white sand before each home, as well as the spreading cf white sand on the road, symbolized the completion of sweeping the road, spreading water to hold down the dust, and spreading sand which had to be done before any shogun, daimyo or their officially approved processions. In modern Japanese the meaning of the word Chiso is largely limited to providing food and drink ; however, in the Early Modern Period Chiso, which the people did for the authorities, included this road cleaning and purification, fixing up the houses on the street, repairing roads and bridges, greeting the procession as it passed and sending it off, together with all the formalities regulated down to the smallest and most trivial details. To show concretely the relationship between the people and the authorities in Early Modern Japan it is neccessary to clarify the enforced forms of etiquette and ceremony of Chiso.