著者

小柴 はるみ

出版者

東海大学

雑誌

東海大学紀要. 教養学部 (ISSN:03892018)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, pp.149-188, 2004-03-30

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This paper takes the focus on the musical instruments of Maraghl's two writings in Persian, Jami'al-alhan (the collection of melodies) and Maqasid al-alhan (the intention of melodies), which give us the most precious data as written in the Islamic world of 15th century. In his works there are 45 names of musical instruments with brief descriptions. 'Abd al-Qa^^-dir ibn Ghaybi^^- Ha^^-fiz Mara^^-ghi^^- (135? 〜 d.1435 Herat) was the person who showed the musical talent in the time when the history of west and central Asia had greatly moved, accepted by the several rulers, and left the important works to future generations. As born in Maragha(now Iran), he is commonly called Maragh! or Ghaybl. He was a musician, poet, and calligrapher. Since he himself was an excellent player of 'ud and harp, he wrote the books of the music theory, based on his practical experiences. The descriptive section of various musical instruments in his writings does not necessarily take a large portion, but only one chapter, added as a sort of dictionary. However, instead of taking up whole musical instruments of his time, he treated in own writings only those which called saz, the musical instruments but limited to the melodic instruments. Therefore, he did not adopt the rhythmic instruments in his books, such as drums or clappers etc. It is interesting that he included particularly the melodic percussion instruments of the cup-phones or bowl-phones with water-tuning system by his original device. There are 29 names of the string instruments, 13 of the wind instruments and 3 of the percussion instruments. In this paper I indicate the name list of them, then, Japanese translations of each description with my brief comments, and lastly refer to his classification and concept of these instruments, which were probably reflecting the view of his days. In his writings Maraghl presents the various musical instruments covering vast area from east to west in Eurasia, and makes us to recognize the spread of the informations in those days.