著者

中井 義明

出版者

同志社大学

雑誌

社会科学 (ISSN:04196759)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, pp.17-44, 2006-09

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スパルタの覇権がレウクトラ以降解体していく政治過程を分析した。スパルタと同盟諸国、スパルタと正面から対立し自らの影響力を中部ギリシアやペロポネソスに拡大しようとしたボイオーティア、ペロポネソスにおけるスパルタの伝統的な競争国アルゴス、テーバイの台頭に不信感を募らせスパルタとの提携に傾いていったアテーナイ、の外交行動の分析を通じてその背後にある党派の問題を解明しようとした。スパルタと同盟諸国を結び付けていたのはそれぞれの政治指導者間の個人的な友情と同志意識、民主派に対する敵意と民主革命に対する恐怖感の共有であった。スパルタが民主派に対する安全を保障している限り、スパルタの覇権のもとにあることは意味があった。しかしレウクトラ以降スパルタがそのような保障を提供し得なくなった時、同盟諸国は独自に安全保障の道を模索するようになる。そのことが同盟と覇権の解体をもたらしたのである 。 スパルタの能力の欠如が帝国の解体の原因であった。ボイオティアではエパメイノンダスの政策に反対するメネクレイダスが緊張をもたらしていたし、アルゴスではスキュタリスモスの革命騒ぎによって大混乱が生じていた。アテーナイでは重要な政策を指導したのはカッリストラトスであった。彼はテーバイへの不信からスパルタとの提携を推奨し、スパルタとの連携によってテーバイを抑制しようとしたのである。This paper has treated the political process of the demolition of Spartan hegemony since Leuctra. Sparta, her allies, Argos, Athens and Boiotia are searched for. Relations between diplomacy and factional strife in these states are analized. Spartans like Agesilaos had friendship and comradeship with oligaichic leadres of her allies, and shared their distrust and hostility toward the democrats and fear of democratic revolution. Sparta was the guardian of the oligarchs and gave them shield. But she had decreased her power and prestige since Leuctra. Epameinondas's two invasions made clear her inability. She could not offer her allies enough support any longer. So the oligarchs of her allies had to search for another way. Epameinondas offered them such way. Boiotia allowed oligarchic constitution of Spartan allies and leadership of the oligarchs. He requested them peace with Boiotia and did not demand the other. Therefore, allies seceded from the alliance with Sparta. The lack of ability of Sparta has destroyed her empire. In Athens, the victory of the Thebans stirred up the caution of the Athenians who had fought severely against Sparta during the Boiotian war. Athens has inclined to cooperation with Sparta to control the threat from the north. It was Kallistratos to have guided this new policy. In Argos, for the revolution which is called Skytalismos, pandemonium was caused in Argos. Demos of Argos killed rich people first, and executed leaders who had agitated the murder next. This incident astonished coetaneous people. In Boiotia, Epameinondas and his companions were obtaining full trust among the Boiotians. The oligarchs as a political power had disappeared. However, the opposition existed. Menekleidas criticized Epameinondas' act on his own authority. His voice had the influence. Thus, the faction and the factional strife had exerted a strong influence on the policy of states.