著者

小松 かつ子 伊藤 親 劉 王萍 難波 恒雄

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

Natural medicines = 生薬學雜誌 (ISSN:13403443)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.2, pp.137-147, 1995

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

1

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The Chinese crude drugs "Huajiao (花椒)" and "Jiaomu (椒目)," and the Japanese crude drug "Sansho (山椒)" are derived from mature fruit of genus Zanthoxylum plants of the Rutaceae family. "Huajiao" and "Sansho," are prepared from the pericarp, and used as an aromatic stomachic and "Jiaomu," is from the seed, and used as a diuretic. A market survey of these crude drugs in China and Japan, showed that there are samples of apparently different external morphologies, suggesting that there are samples of different botanical origins. To clarify the original plants of such crude drugs, a pharmacognostical study was made. This paper deals with the origins of "Sansho" in the Japanese market. Comparative anatomical studies were performed mainly on the pericarps and seeds of Z. piperitum, two kinds of Z. piperitum f. inerme (Asakura-zansho and Budo-zansho), Z. armatum var. subtrifoliatum, Fagara mantchurica, F. ailanthoides by optical and scanning electron microscopy, which showed that they could be distinguished from each other by the following characteristics: in the pericarp, the length of equatorial circumference, thickness of pericarps and endocarps, diameters of oil sacs, micro figure of cuticle and the number of epidermal cells over oil sacs on surface view; in the seed, the diameters of epidermal cells on surface view, the rate of inner sclereid layers in the outer seed coat, etc. The commercial samples examined were identified as a mixture of slightly immature pericarps of Budo-zansho and Asakura-zansho in a ratio of 9 : 1 or 6 : 4, a mixture of slightly immature pericarps of Z. piperitum, Budo-zansho and Asakura-zansho in a ratio of 8 : 1 : 1, or mature pericarps of Z. piperitum only.