著者

下村 裕子 徳本 廣子 関田 節子 佐竹 元吉 徳川 斉正 徳川 眞木 合田 幸広

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

生薬學雜誌 : shoyakugaku zasshi : the Japanese journal of pharmacognosy (ISSN:13499114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.2, pp.41-58, 2013-08-20

参考文献数

79

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The gallipot found as the heirloom of the Mito-Tokugawa family has the unclear label "Usaien" and contains a small amount of dry black preparation. It is historically clear that Ieyasu Tokugawa, who was the founder of the Edo Shogunate, used it. Fortunately, the "Korean Wazaikyokuho", which was a formulary of natural medicines, has been found as one of the valuable possessions of Kunozan Toshogu, where Ieyasu Tokugawa is enshrined and the formulary contains the "Usaien" formula. It is of interest to reveal the components of the preparation from the viewpoints of historiography and pharmacognosy. Therefore, by utilizing the "Usaien" formula as a clue, we started microscopic analyses to reveal the crude drug components of the historical dry black preparation. First we found this preparation contained a lot of pollens which were thought to be of multiple origins. This indicated the preparation was a kind of honey paste. Furthermore, the successive analyses on the basis of the morphological characteristics of elements of the crude drugs led to the identification of 52 crude drugs (herbal origins: 35, animal origins: 14 and minerals: 3) as the components. The reference formula in the "Korean Wazaikyokuho" consisted of 58 crude drugs and of them 2 volatile ones, 2 sarcous ones, mercury and calomel have remained unidentified, because of difficulty of confirmation by microscopic analyses or insufficient information the origin of their crude drugs. Since most of the crude drug components of the "Usaien" formula were identified in the dry black preparation, we thought the shogun, Ieyasu Tokugawa, used the formula for his health care.

著者

Miyazaki,Sena

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

生薬學雜誌 : shoyakugaku zasshi : the Japanese journal of pharmacognosy

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.2, 2014-08-20

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Kaempferide (1), kaempferide 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (2), kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (3) and (Z)-3-hexen-l-ol-β-D-glucopyranoside (4) were isolated from the aerial parts and kaempferide (1), kaempferol 3-O-methyl ether (5) and adenosine (6) were isolated from the rhizomes of Roscoea purpurea Sm. (Family: Zingiberaceae). All these compounds were isolated for the first time from this plant.

著者

小曽戸 洋

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

生薬學雜誌 (ISSN:13499114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.2, pp.68-78, 2007-08-20

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Crude drugs are natural products which over the years of human experience have come to be regarded as medicine. Of course, if one does not understand their history, one cannot understand their significance as medicine. Since crude drugs exist because of the experience of human beings, the sciences of pharmacopoeia and natural products are inherently different. In the study of crude drugs it is therefore important to consider their history as well. Since the middle of the 20th century, there have been a series of archaeological discoveries in China and Japan relating to traditional pharmacopoeia. These discoveries are important historical data, which provide reliable information about the origins of the pharmacopoeia. Regrettably however, this new knowledge, brought to light by these recent discoveries, is not reflected in the "Commentary of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia". This paper contains new knowledge about the 100 kinds of crude drugs listed in the "Japanese Pharmacopoeia Fifteenth Edition".

著者

酒井,英二

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

Natural medicines

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.1, 1996-02-20

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A correlation between flavonoid glycoside contents of leaves of wild Houttuynia cordata and the amount of light in the natural habitat has been reported. In this study, the effects of light conditions on the growth and yield of the plant and on the flavonoid glycoside contents of the leaves was studied in a field in Tsukuba. The flavonoid glycoside contents of the leaves of the wild plants growing in bright and shaded places were also studied. The yield of the aerial part of plants cultivated under a shaded condition (shading rate ca. 43%) was the highest. However, the flavonoid glycoside content of leaves was the highest when the plant was cultivated without a shade (open) and decreased as the shading rate increased. In the case of wild plants, too, those growing in brighter places had higher leaf flavonoid glycoside contents and this result agreed well with the result of our present cultivation experiment in the field.

著者

ツェンク M. H. 田端 守

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

生薬學雜誌 (ISSN:13403443)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.2, pp.86-102, 1996-04-20

被引用文献数

2

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This review includes the history of opium in Europe, China, and Japan, isolation of morphine, and subsequent synthesis of heroin, and the re-evaluation of morphine as an unsurpassed analgesic, with reference to its medicinal, cultural and political impacts upon human societies. Also, the emphases are made on the drug abuse, narcotics control problems and medical treatment of drug addicts. Furthermore, the review refers to the latest information about the whole process of morphine biosynthesis and the present situation of opium production.

著者

三巻 祥浩 指田 豊 安達 得夫 吉成 清

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

生薬学雑誌 (ISSN:13403443)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.1, pp.p86-91, 1994-03

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Barks of Prunns lannesiana var. speciosa, P. maximowiczii, P. apetala, P. pendula forma ascendens and P. yedoensis of the subgenus Cerasus, and P. laurocerasus and P. spinulosa of the subgenus Laurocerasus were assayed for their constituents. The barks of the Cerasus plants were formed to be rich in flavonoids and their glucosides, and to contain 5, 4'-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone 5-O-β-D- glucopyranoside (sakuranin) as a common flavonoid. On the other hand, no flavonoid was detected in the barks of the Padus and Laurocerasus plants, but they both contained cyanogenic glucosides as a common component. The difference of the constituents observed between the barks of the Cerasus plants and those of the Padus and Laurocerasus was well correlated to the taxonomic theory proposed by T. T. Yu (1984).

著者

久保 道徳 山崎 美保 松田 秀秋 我藤 伸樹 小谷 竜也

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

生薬學雜誌 (ISSN:13403443)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.1, pp.22-27, 2005-02-20

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The effect of a fruit-juice concentrate of Japanese apricot (Japanese apricot concentrate, Ume-ekisu) on improving blood fluidity was examined. Whole blood passage time measured by a micro channel array flow analyzer (MC-FAN) of the Japanese apricot concentrate (200 mg/kg, p.o.)-treated rats was shorter than that of the non-treated control rats. Thus Japanese apricot concentrate showed an improving effect on rat blood fluidity. Furthermore, it was found that the Japanese apricot concentrate showed inhibitory effects on the collagen-, arachidonic acid- and ADP-induced platelet aggregations and on the thrombin-induced conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. Citric acid and mumefural were identified as the main platelet aggregation inhibitory principles of Japanese apricot concentrate.

著者

御影 雅幸 李 奉柱 朴 鐘喜 難波 恒雄

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

生薬学雑誌 (ISSN:00374377)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.4, pp.336-341, 1991-12-20

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「Jad Na Mu Ip」は韓国で淋疾や梅毒の治療薬として用いられる民間薬である. Jad は海松子, Na Mu は木, Ip は葉の意味であるから, その基源は一般にマツ科のPinus koraiensis SIEB. et ZUCC. チョウセンゴヨウの葉であるとされている2)がいまだ確証はない. Pinus 属植物は韓国にはチョウセンゴヨウのほか P. parviflora ヒメコマツ, P. pumila ハイマツ, P. bungeana シロマツ, P. densiflora アカマツ, P. thunbergii クロマツなど形態の類似するものが分布しているので3), 今回「Jad Na Mu Ip」の原植物を知る目的で市場調査を行い, 入手した商品および Pinus 属植物7種の葉を比較組織学的に検討した. その結果, 現在市販されている「Jad Na Mu Ip」はチョウセンゴヨウの葉であることを確証した. なおP. armandi タカネゴヨウは中国に産する種であるが, 形状がチョウセンゴヨウに似ているので参考のため検討した. Pinus 属植物の葉の組織分類学的研究に関しては, 土井ら4)が基本的形態を詳細に報告するとともに変種や雑種を含めた80数種について検索表を提出し, また早田ら5)がチョウセンゴヨウやヒメコマツの組織図を示しているので, 本論文では記載を最小限に止めた. The Korean folk medicine "Jad Na Mu Ip" has been used to cure gonorrhea, syphilis, etc. Though the crude drug has generally been said to be the leaves of Pinus koraiensis SIEB. et ZUCC. of the Pinaceae family, the scientific confirmation has not been made yet. Recent commercial "Jad Na Mu Ip" certainly seems to be the leaves of a Pinus plant. Therefore, to identify the botanical origin of this crude drug, the leaves of seven species of the genus Pinus growing in Korea, Japan and China, including P. koraiensis, were examined anatomically. The result shows the botanical origin of "Jad Na Mu Ip" is P. koraiensis.

著者

難波 恒雄 菊池 徹 御影 雅幸 門田 重利 小松 かつ子 清水 岑夫 富森 毅

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

生薬学雑誌 (ISSN:00374377)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.1, pp.35-42, 1987-03-20

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Cinnamomum verum J. S. PRESL of family Lauraceae is one of the important cultivated medicinal plants in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri-Lanka. The bark of the tree, "CINNAMOMI VERI CORTEX," KURUNDUPOTU in Singhalese, is known to be a famous spice under the name of Cinnamon. Besides, KURUNDUPOTU is also an Ayurvedic drug used for dyspepsia, flatulence, diarrhoea, dysentery, vomiting, etc. Nowadays, as a spice, Cinnamon is divided commercially into thirteen grades on the bases of differences of the diameter and quantity of Foxing of the Quillings. Among these, we got nine popular grades from the Bureau of Ceylon Standard.To know the qualitical differences of each grade, anatomical and chemical studies of all these were made. Our results showed that higher graded Cinnamon had less mechanical tissues anatomically and contained more essential oils chemically. Moreover, in essential oils, the percentage of cinnamyl acetate was found higher and that of cinnamaldehyde was lower in higher graded ones.スリランカ(Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri-Lanka)における民族医療はアーユルヴェーダ(インド医学)が主流である. スリランカにおいて栽培される代表的なアーユルヴェーダ薬物の一つにKURUNDUPOTU(cinnamon bark の意味のシンハリ名)があり, このものはLauraceaeのCinnamomum verum J. S. PRESL(=C zeylanicum NEES セイロンニッケイ)のコルク層を剥いだ樹皮である. アーユルヴェーダではKURUNDUPOTU は強壮, 健胃, 駆風薬などとして用いられ, また民間的にも頭痛や感冒, 鼻汁, 呼吸器疾患, 下痢などに利用されている2). その産出量は年々増加しており, 大半は香辛料として輸出され, 一部が薬用あるいは料理用に国内で消費されている2). セイロン桂皮についてはすでに太田らにより日本市場品の内部形態3), コロンボおよびスイス市場品とコロンボ近郊などでの栽培品との内部形態による比較研究4)がなされているが, 品質についてはいっさい触れられていない. 現在, セイロン桂皮には商取引上13の等級があり, それらの等級はBureau of Ceylon Standardで規格されている. 等級はAlba, Continental 5 special, Continenta1 5, 同4, 同3, 同2, 同1, Mexican5 special, 同5, 同4, Hamburg 1, 同2, 同3の名称で呼ばれ, これらはQuimng5)の大さやFoxing6)の量で規定されている2). Albaが最高級品とされ, Continentalグループ, Mexicanグループ, Hamburgグループと続くが, Continentalグループの低級品よりはMexicanグループの高級品の方が品質がよいといわれている. これらのグループ名はそれぞれ輸出先国の違いを示しており, Hamburgグループ以外は番号の大きいものが高級品とされている. 今回, 栽培地を調査するとともにこれらの13等級のうち, とくに流通量の多い9等級を入手し, 各等級間の内部形態および精油成分の差異を検討したので報告する. また生薬市場および製薬工場において入手したKURUNDUPOTU等級についても検討した.

著者

川原 信夫 酒井 英二 糸数 七重 佐竹 元吉 合田 幸広

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

生薬學雜誌 (ISSN:13499114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.1, pp.39-50, 2006-02-20

被引用文献数

4

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本研究は食肉の風味を形成する食感, 味, 香りについて次の新知見を加えたものである。食肉の熟成による軟化の主原因の一つとみられるアクチン・ミオシン構造体のゆるみ現象が, 筋原線維のMg-ATPase 活性のKCl濃度依存性と最大活性値の増大となって観察されることを示し, おのおのが筋肉酵素カテプシンB, D, H, L, の共同作用とグリセルアルデヒド-3-リン酸脱水素酵素の筋原線維への不可逆的結合で起こることを明らかにした。これに際し, 骨格筋カテプシンB, D, Hの高純度精製法を確立した。カテプシンLは新規酵素として発見したもので, 他所で同時期に発見された肝臓の新規酵素との類似性から, 両酵素はカテプシンLと命名された。食肉の熟成中に遊離アミノ酸が増加し, 味と加熱香気の向上に寄与する。この遊離アミノ酸の増加はおもに筋肉中性アミノペプチダーゼ類の作用によることを示し, 4個以上のアミノ酸からなるペプチドはおもに新たに発見したアミノペプチダーゼCとHの共同作用によって分解されることを明らかにした。わが国では黒毛和牛の脂肪が赤身によく交雑した霜降り肉が最もおいしいと評価されている。その主原因は該牛肉を酸素共存下で熟成後, 加熱することで生成する脂っぽい甘い芳香 (和牛香と命名) であることを示し, 本香を構成する香気成分を明らかにした。各種の食肉を食したときの畜種の判別に寄与する官能的主因子は香りであり, 味の寄与はきわめて小さいことを示した。

著者

寺沢 捷年

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

生薬学雑誌 (ISSN:00374377)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.2, pp.p85-96, 1987-06

被引用文献数

24

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The concept of "Hie-sho" (chillphobia) was reviewed with special reference to its diagnostic criteria, occurrence patho-physiological aspects and treatments. Questionnaire studies revealed that about 70% of female and about 50% of male patients visiting our clinic were suffering from "Hie-sho." This disorder was investigated patho-physiologically by using ultra-red thermography, core temperature thermography, and the microscopic video system. The results showed tha "Hie-sho" was closely related to disturbance of micro-circulation and its regulatory system. In traditional Kampoh medicine, "Hie-sho" has been interpreted as imbalance between three important factors, i.e., vital energy, blood and water. The cognition of the imbalance and the relevant Kampoh treatments were also reviewed in detail.

著者

沢田 徳之助 山原 條二 島津 早苗 太田 利夫

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

生薬学雑誌 (ISSN:00374377)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.1, pp.11-16, 1971-06-20

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The contents of coloring matter and essential oil from the root of Curucuma domestica (C. longa) and the fungistatic action of them are tested. Essential oil shows a high effect against Aspergillus niger IFO. 6341, Penicillium citrinum IFO. 6352, Chaetomium globosum IFO. 6347 and Neurospora crassa IFO. 4596.

著者

康 廷国 川村 智子 呉 曉蘭 田中 俊弘

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

Natural medicines = 生薬學雜誌 (ISSN:13403443)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.4, pp.178-185, 2000-08-20

参考文献数

13

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One third of samples of Arctii Fructus, commercially obtained in China, were found to be adulterated with fruits of five other species, Arctium tomentosum, Onopordum acanthium, Aucklandia lappa and Silybum marianum of the family Compositae, possessing achenes, and Amorpha fruticosa of the family Leguminosae possessing a legume. Ar. tomentosum fruit was the most frequent adulterant. These five fruits were distinguished from the fruit of Arctium lappa, the original Arctii Fructus, by the macroscopic morphological characteristics such as the size, color, presence or absence of ridge, spots and pits, remains of the style and pappus scar circle at one end, and by the microscopic characteristics such as outline of outer pericarp, presence or absence and the shape of crystals in the epicarp and endocarp, presence or absence of oil sac in the mesocarp, size and color of the palisade cells in the outer seed coat, presence or absence and the shape of crystals in the inner seed coat and cotyledon.

著者

加藤 正博 稲葉 美代志 板鼻 秀信 大原 英治 中村 好一 上里 新一 井上 博之 藤多 哲朗

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

生薬学雑誌 (ISSN:00374377)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.4, pp.288-292, 1990

被引用文献数

2

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Twentythree crude drugs and related plants were examined for their anticoccidial activity by the use of the experimental coccidiosis in chicken. The activity was found in the dry leaves and calyxes of some Hydrangea plants. As the active components of H. macrophylla subsp. macrophylla forma macrophylla, febrifugines were isolated which have been known to be contained in Dichroa febrifuga and H. umbellata. However, although the febrifugines in the latter two plants were reported to be mainly trans, in the H. macrophylla plants, cis-febrifugine was found to be a major component and the trans-counterpart, a minor component. Furthermore, the cis-isomer showed no anticoccidial activity in chicken even at the concentration level of 25 times the effective dose (3 ppm, IE=100) of the trans-isomer.

著者

下村,裕子

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

生薬学雑誌

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.1, 1985-03-20

著者

大西 真里子 渡邉 尚子 岡村 勝正 村田 和也 野口 和真 松田 秀秋

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

生薬學雜誌 : shoyakugaku zasshi : the Japanese journal of pharmacognosy (ISSN:13499114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.2, pp.71-76, 2012-08-20

参考文献数

20

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Alopecia areata is one of the most common forms of alopecia and an effective treatment strategy has long been wanted. Several studies have shown that interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is implicated in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata. In this manuscript, we report on an in vitro screening method based on the restoration of cell proliferation against the cell growth inhibition induced by IFN-γ. The proliferation of the human squamous-cell-carcinoma cell line DJM-1 was suppressed by treatment of IFN-γ and the cytotoxicity was ameliorated by anti-human IFN-γ antibody. From the screening of ten extracts prepared from crude drugs related to treatments of alopecia and thermal burn, the extract of dried leaves of Ginkgo biloba (GB-ext) showed the most potent activity at 60.5% of inhibition at 100μg/mL among the samples tested. Furthermore, the seasonal transition manner of the rescue activities of GB-ext was investigated to reveal that the activity increased as the leaves grew. Surprisingly, the fallen leaves showed most potent activity. In addition, a preliminary experiment on the mechanism of the activity was performed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to demonstrate that GB-ext samples suppressed the expression of mRNA for HLA-DRA. These results suggest that the leaves of G. biloba can be a candidate material for the treatment of alopecia areata and the development of an effective screening method was achieved. The identification of the active principle and further investigation on the mechanism of the rescue activity are now underway.

著者

難波,恒雄

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

生薬学雑誌

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.1, 1986-03-20

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Though "Fu-pen-zi" from Korea has been considered to be derived from the fruits of Rubus coreanus MIQ. in general, we had already clarified that it was only used locally. In order to identify the botanical origin of Korean "Fu-pen-zi" available mainly in the recent markets of urban areas such as Seoul, Pusan, Daegu, Daejeon, etc., R. crataegifolius BUNGE and R. takeshimensis NAKAI of Section Microphylii were studied comparative anatomically. Our results showed that this "Fu-pen-zi" corresponded to the fruits with calyxes and often pedicels of R. crataegifolius growing in the Korean Peninsula. Its developmental degree was unripening (stage B) or ripening stage (stage C).

著者

奥山 徹 高田 光正 柴田 承二 保尊 正幸 川田 忠典 正木 久朗 野口 輝彦

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

生薬学雑誌 (ISSN:00374377)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.2, pp.p147-152, 1987-06

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Some Chinese herbal prescriptions employed for a syndrome expressed in oriental medical concept as chest paralysis (Kyohi) and heartache (Shintsu) are thought to be effective for angina pectoris. We investigated the effects of 5 Chinese medicinal prescriptions, Kuolon-Xiebai-Banxia Tang (Karo-gaihaku-hange-to), Guizhi-Shenjiang-Zhishi Tang (Keishi-shokyc-kijitsu-to), Jupi-Zhishi-Shenjiang Tang (Kippi-kijitsu-shokyo-to), Renshen Tang (Ninjin-to) and Guizhi-Renshen Tang (Keishi-ninjin-to) and 6 individual herbs contained in these prescriptions on a human platelet aggregation induced by 2 μM ADP. All the prescriptions mentioned above showed a strong inhibitory effect in the secondary wave aggregation, while Jupi-Zhishi-Shenjiang Tang and Guizhi-Renshen Tang gave less effect in the primary wave aggregation. Of these herbs, Shenjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Siccatum Rhizoma) and Renshen (Ginseng Radix) showed a strong inhibitory effect, while Jupi (Aurantii Nobilis Pericarpium) promoted the primary wave aggregation. Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix) and Baizhu (Atractyloides Rhizoma) showed no activity.

著者

榊原 仁作 永井 慎一 森 淳 竹谷 和視 堀田 芳弘

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

生薬学雑誌 (ISSN:00374377)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.3, pp.p317-324, 1986-09

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20R-Dihydroouabain (20R-DHO) and 20S-dihydroouabain (20S-DHO) were synthesized by reduction of ouabain (G-strophanthin) and separated by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. The relationships between the stereochemical structures and pharmacological activities of 20R- and 20S-DHO were studied by the use of isolated guinea-pig papillary muscle and renal Na^+, K^+-ATPase. 20S-DHO was more inotropic (pD_2: 5.0, 100% increase in contractile force at 3.0 x 10^<-5> M) and more inhibitory (pIC_<50>: 5.9) than 20R-DHO (pD_2: 4.6, 100% increase in contractile force at 1.0 × 1O^<-4> M, pIC_<50>: 5.5). On the other hand, both R and S compounds inhibited the positive inotropic effect of their parent compound ouabain; the potency of inhibition by 20S-DHO was greater than that by 20R-DHO. These results suggest that the pharmacological differences in 20R- and 20S-DHO may depend on the strength of hydrogen bond between the carbonyl oxygen and Na^+, K^+-ATPase receptor.

著者

布施 淳一 金森 久幸 坂本 征則 矢原 正治

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

生薬学雑誌 (ISSN:13403443)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.4, pp.p307-311, 1994-12

被引用文献数

2

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Five flavonol glycosides, quercitrin (I), isoquercitrin (II), afzerin (III), hyperin (IV) and rutin (V) were isolated from the terrestrial part of Houttuynia cordata collected during the flowering season. The quantitative analysis of the five flavonol glycosides in Houttuynia cordata by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed the following results. (1) All the leaves, spikes and stems contained these five flavonol glycosides, and the content was the highest in leaves. (2) The main flavonol glycosides in spikes were I and IV. (3) The flavonol glycoside contents in leaves before and during the flowering season were about the same.