著者

ツェンク M. H. 田端 守

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

生薬學雜誌 (ISSN:13403443)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.2, pp.86-102, 1996-04-20

被引用文献数

2

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This review includes the history of opium in Europe, China, and Japan, isolation of morphine, and subsequent synthesis of heroin, and the re-evaluation of morphine as an unsurpassed analgesic, with reference to its medicinal, cultural and political impacts upon human societies. Also, the emphases are made on the drug abuse, narcotics control problems and medical treatment of drug addicts. Furthermore, the review refers to the latest information about the whole process of morphine biosynthesis and the present situation of opium production.

著者

三巻 祥浩 指田 豊 安達 得夫 吉成 清

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

生薬学雑誌 (ISSN:13403443)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.1, pp.p86-91, 1994-03

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Barks of Prunns lannesiana var. speciosa, P. maximowiczii, P. apetala, P. pendula forma ascendens and P. yedoensis of the subgenus Cerasus, and P. laurocerasus and P. spinulosa of the subgenus Laurocerasus were assayed for their constituents. The barks of the Cerasus plants were formed to be rich in flavonoids and their glucosides, and to contain 5, 4'-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone 5-O-β-D- glucopyranoside (sakuranin) as a common flavonoid. On the other hand, no flavonoid was detected in the barks of the Padus and Laurocerasus plants, but they both contained cyanogenic glucosides as a common component. The difference of the constituents observed between the barks of the Cerasus plants and those of the Padus and Laurocerasus was well correlated to the taxonomic theory proposed by T. T. Yu (1984).

著者

久保 道徳 山崎 美保 松田 秀秋 我藤 伸樹 小谷 竜也

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

生薬學雜誌 (ISSN:13403443)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.1, pp.22-27, 2005-02-20

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The effect of a fruit-juice concentrate of Japanese apricot (Japanese apricot concentrate, Ume-ekisu) on improving blood fluidity was examined. Whole blood passage time measured by a micro channel array flow analyzer (MC-FAN) of the Japanese apricot concentrate (200 mg/kg, p.o.)-treated rats was shorter than that of the non-treated control rats. Thus Japanese apricot concentrate showed an improving effect on rat blood fluidity. Furthermore, it was found that the Japanese apricot concentrate showed inhibitory effects on the collagen-, arachidonic acid- and ADP-induced platelet aggregations and on the thrombin-induced conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. Citric acid and mumefural were identified as the main platelet aggregation inhibitory principles of Japanese apricot concentrate.

著者

康 廷国 川村 智子 呉 曉蘭 田中 俊弘

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

Natural medicines = 生薬學雜誌 (ISSN:13403443)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.4, pp.178-185, 2000-08-20

参考文献数

13

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One third of samples of Arctii Fructus, commercially obtained in China, were found to be adulterated with fruits of five other species, Arctium tomentosum, Onopordum acanthium, Aucklandia lappa and Silybum marianum of the family Compositae, possessing achenes, and Amorpha fruticosa of the family Leguminosae possessing a legume. Ar. tomentosum fruit was the most frequent adulterant. These five fruits were distinguished from the fruit of Arctium lappa, the original Arctii Fructus, by the macroscopic morphological characteristics such as the size, color, presence or absence of ridge, spots and pits, remains of the style and pappus scar circle at one end, and by the microscopic characteristics such as outline of outer pericarp, presence or absence and the shape of crystals in the epicarp and endocarp, presence or absence of oil sac in the mesocarp, size and color of the palisade cells in the outer seed coat, presence or absence and the shape of crystals in the inner seed coat and cotyledon.

著者

布施 淳一 金森 久幸 坂本 征則 矢原 正治

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

生薬学雑誌 (ISSN:13403443)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.4, pp.p307-311, 1994-12

被引用文献数

2

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Five flavonol glycosides, quercitrin (I), isoquercitrin (II), afzerin (III), hyperin (IV) and rutin (V) were isolated from the terrestrial part of Houttuynia cordata collected during the flowering season. The quantitative analysis of the five flavonol glycosides in Houttuynia cordata by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed the following results. (1) All the leaves, spikes and stems contained these five flavonol glycosides, and the content was the highest in leaves. (2) The main flavonol glycosides in spikes were I and IV. (3) The flavonol glycoside contents in leaves before and during the flowering season were about the same.

著者

Bemani Ebrahim Ghanati Faezeh Rezaei Ayatollah

出版者

Springer Japan

雑誌

Journal of natural medicines (ISSN:13403443)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.3, pp.446-451, 2013

著者

雷 振環 矢原 正治 台 宝山 田 瑞華 滝口 靖憲 野原 稔弘

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

Natural medicines = 生薬學雜誌 (ISSN:13403443)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.4, pp.475-477, 1995

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

2

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From the leaves of Poacynum hendersonii, six phenolic compounds were isolated and identified as quercetin, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-sophoroside, isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside, syringaresinol and (+)-pinoresinol 4-O-glucoside, by direct comparison with the authentic samples.

著者

守屋 明 屠 鵬飛 唐澤 傳英 有馬 博 出山 武 氣賀澤 恭子

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

Natural medicines = 生薬學雜誌 (ISSN:13403443)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.4, pp.383-393, 1995-12-20

参考文献数

17

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To identify the botanical origin of the commercial Chinese crude drug "Roucongrong (肉〓蓉)," a pharmacognostical study of genus Cistanche plants in Asia was carried out. In this study, the morphological and anatomical characteristics of specimens of three Cistanche species (C deserticola, C. tubulosa and C. salsa) from China and other Asian countries, and six commercial samples of the crude drug from China were examined. The results were as follows: (I) These three species could be distinguished from each other by the arrangement of vascular bundles in the transections of the stems, the morphology of vascular bundles in the scale leaves and the external morphology of the seeds. (II) C. tubulosa from China and Pakistan differ from each other in the size of plants and the longitudinal arrangement of vascular bundles in the stems and the scale leaves. (Ill) Six crude drug samples from Neimenggu, Ningxia and Xinjiang provinces of China were shown to be derived from either C. deserticola or C. tubulosa.

著者

小松 かつ子 伊藤 親 劉 王萍 難波 恒雄

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

Natural medicines = 生薬學雜誌 (ISSN:13403443)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.2, pp.137-147, 1995

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

1

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The Chinese crude drugs "Huajiao (花椒)" and "Jiaomu (椒目)," and the Japanese crude drug "Sansho (山椒)" are derived from mature fruit of genus Zanthoxylum plants of the Rutaceae family. "Huajiao" and "Sansho," are prepared from the pericarp, and used as an aromatic stomachic and "Jiaomu," is from the seed, and used as a diuretic. A market survey of these crude drugs in China and Japan, showed that there are samples of apparently different external morphologies, suggesting that there are samples of different botanical origins. To clarify the original plants of such crude drugs, a pharmacognostical study was made. This paper deals with the origins of "Sansho" in the Japanese market. Comparative anatomical studies were performed mainly on the pericarps and seeds of Z. piperitum, two kinds of Z. piperitum f. inerme (Asakura-zansho and Budo-zansho), Z. armatum var. subtrifoliatum, Fagara mantchurica, F. ailanthoides by optical and scanning electron microscopy, which showed that they could be distinguished from each other by the following characteristics: in the pericarp, the length of equatorial circumference, thickness of pericarps and endocarps, diameters of oil sacs, micro figure of cuticle and the number of epidermal cells over oil sacs on surface view; in the seed, the diameters of epidermal cells on surface view, the rate of inner sclereid layers in the outer seed coat, etc. The commercial samples examined were identified as a mixture of slightly immature pericarps of Budo-zansho and Asakura-zansho in a ratio of 9 : 1 or 6 : 4, a mixture of slightly immature pericarps of Z. piperitum, Budo-zansho and Asakura-zansho in a ratio of 8 : 1 : 1, or mature pericarps of Z. piperitum only.

著者

樋口 正視 岡田 稔 MASAMI HIGUCHI MINORU OKADA ツムラ中央研究所 ツムラ中央研究所 Tsumura Central Research Laboratories Tsumura Central Research Laboratories

雑誌

生薬學雜誌 = Natural medicines (ISSN:13403443)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.2, pp.170-175, 1996-04-20

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The relationship between the developmental stages of spadix and the developments of pollen grains and the embryo sacs of Pinellia ternata BREIT. was morphologically studied. When the limb of the spathe began to loosen, about 24% of the embryo sac in the female flower were in matured stage, with the anthers in the same spadix still remained in dehiscens. When the anthers began to dehisce and the pollen grains were shedding, most of the embryo sacs in the female flowers were in matured state. When self- or cross-pollinations with other female flowers were performed while the anthers were still undehisce, all spadixs formed fruits. The rate of fructification and the number of fruits in fructificated spadix obtained by these early stage pollinations was definitely higher than those obtained in isolated culture field by the open pollination system. Over 90% of the fruit thus obtained by the early stage pollinations were germinated. Some morphological characters of the progeny obtained by cross-pollination segrigated. The protogyny, or the senility of the female flower when the pollen grains start shedding, may be a cause of rare fruit formation of the plant in nature.

著者

Kavitha S. K. Viji V. Kripa K. HELEN A.

出版者

Springer Japan

雑誌

Journal of natural medicines (ISSN:13403443)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.3, pp.471-479, 2011-07-20

参考文献数

37

著者

和田 啓爾

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

生薬學雜誌 (ISSN:13403443)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.3, pp.195-203, 1996-06-20

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From edible and medicinal plants, several active principles that affected the metabolizing enzyme systems were isolated. A toxic substance, 4-0-methylpyridoxine (MPN), responsible for "gin-nan food poisoning" was isolated from the seeds of Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae). MPN causes food poisoning through not only antagonizing vitamin B_6 (in the body) but also inhibiting the formation of 4-aminobutanoic acid (GABA) from glutamate in the brain. The MPN levels in the sera of the patients with gin-nan food poisoning may be determined by HPLC, which may be used for chemical diagnosis of gin-nan food poisoning. Two characteristic terpenoids, bilobalide and ginkgolide A in G. biloba, shortened the anesthetics (hexobarbital and urethane, i.p.) induced sleeping time in mice. Bilobalide has an anticonvulsant effect, especially on the MPN-induced convulsions. Those effects are considered to be due to induction of the hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme (cytochrome P450), by repeated oral administration of bilobalide. Several limonoids from the citrus plants shortened the sleeping time induced in mice by urethane, and induced the liver glutathione S-transferase (GST) in mice. The relationship between the structures and the effects of limonoids on both sleeping time and induction of liver GST was discussed. Columbin from columbo root and β-caryophyllene and α-humulene from Pinus densiflora also affected the sleeping time induced in mice by anesthetics. Their effects on hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes were also studied.

著者

田川 智恵 中澤 慶久 田頭 栄治郎 上田 太郎 山口 康代 大原 豊実 鬼塚 重則 西部 三省

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

生薬學雜誌 (ISSN:13403443)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.3, pp.117-120, 2005-06-20

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In order to clarify the mechanism of the antihypertensive effect of Eucommia leaf (Eucommia ulmoides Oliver) extract (ELE), ELE was partitioned into two fractions, water eluted fraction (H_2O ext.) and methanol eluted fraction (MeOH ext.)(Eueommia leaf glycoside), by using a Diaion HP-20 column. The antihypertensive effects of ELE and two fractions were investigated by their intravenous (i.v.) administration to SHR. Transient antihypertensive effects were shown in ELE and MeOH ext. and their effects were respectively attenuated by i.v. injection of atropine, suggesting that the antihypertensive effects of both ELE and MeOH ext. might be mediated via the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. On the other hand, H_2O ext. showed the sustained antihypertensive effect which was not attenuated by i.v. injection of atropine. This result suggested that two types of components which have different mechanisms of antihypertensive effect are contained in ELE.

著者

Hashimoto Takaharu Aga Hajime Tabuchi Akihiko Shibuya Takashi Chaen Hiroto Fukuda Shigeharu Kurimoto Masashi

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

生薬學雜誌 (ISSN:13403443)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.6, pp.518-520, 1998-12-20

被引用文献数

3

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An ethanol extract from Brazilian propolis had antibacterial activity on Helicobacter pyroli, from which two active fractions were obtained by silica gel column chromatography. From one fraction, an anti-H. pylori compound was isolated which was identified as 4-hydroxycinnamic acid (p-coumaric acid: 1), and from the other fraction, 3-prenyl-4-hydroxy-cinnamic acid, 3-prenyl-4-dihydrocinnamoloxycinnamic acid, and 3,5-diprenyl-4-hydroxycinnamic acid were isolated, whose anti-H. pylori activities expressed as the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) in μg/ml, were 15.6〜31.3, 62.5, 125, and 250, respectively. 4-Hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives are likely to be major anti-H. pylori compounds in Brazilian propolis.

著者

木本 哲夫 山本 祐規子 日野 恵子 古谷 聡美 阿賀 創 橋本 貴治 花谷 利春 新井 成之 池田 雅夫 福田 恵温 栗本 雅司

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

Natural medicines = 生薬學雜誌 (ISSN:13403443)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.72-79, 1999

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

5

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From the plant commonly known as Indigo Plant (Polygonum tinctorium Lour., Shimane, Japan) , Tryptanthrin was isolated which had cytotoxic effects on malignant tumor cells. The cytotoxic effects on human solid cancer cells, leukemia cells, murine glioblastoma cell, colon cancer and malignant melanoma cells in vitro were assayed. Tryptanthrin induced remarkable necrotic and apoptotic changes in the malignant tumor cells.

著者

橋爪 崇 田中 敬子 直川 和弘 山下 善樹 野口 衛

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

生薬學雜誌 (ISSN:13403443)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.5, pp.385-389, 1998-10-20

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From 41 cultivars of medicinal Paeonia lactiflora harvested in 1991, twelve cultivars, which gave higher root yield and more beautiful flowers, were selected, and these cultivars were cultivated for four years from 1992 to 1996. The root yield and the paeoniflorin and tannin contents in these cultivars harvested in 1996 were compared with those parent cultivars harvested in 1991. It becomes clear that the root yield was considerably affected by the weather and other cultivation conditions, whereas the amounts of chemical components were less affected. A significant correlation was observed between the paeoniflorin content and the tannin content in the root. It is possible to obtain a better cultivar by repeating the same procedure.