著者

孫 知慧

出版者

関西大学

雑誌

東アジア文化交渉研究 (ISSN:18827748)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, pp.171-187, 2012-02-01

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Wonhyo has been a well-known fi gure in East Asia since the ancient kingdom of Silla; however, with the restrictions placed on Buddhism in favour of Confucian worshipduring the Korean Li Dynasty, Wonhyo's prestige diminished. The reappraisal of Wonhyo began in the 20th century. At the time, rather than Buddhist doctrine and beliefs, Wonhyo was associated with the existence of the Japanese imperialism and national independence during which time reliefs of Wonhyo were carved. After 1930, however, the awareness of the Korean Buddhists' associating Wonhyo with Buddhism, and Wonhyo appeared as symbol of Korean Buddhism. This essay addresses the equation of the "Wonhyo = Tsūbukkyō = the establishment of the tenets of Korean Buddhism". Trends in world Buddhism emphasise and aim for uniformity and integration. The process of development for each form of East Asian Buddhism is that is came from India to China and then to Korea. Composite Buddhism transcends the various sects of Buddhism, and is said to have perfected Korean Buddhism. With the logic that Korean Buddhism represents the fi nal point in the development of world Buddhism, the superiority of Korean Buddhism was emphasized. Controversies such as this were extremely popular in Japanese Buddhism during the Meiji period, the "Buddhist Uniformity Theory" being an infl uential example. Inoue Enryō and Murakami Senshō's "Buddhist Uniformity Theory"and Inoue seikyō, who organised the lectures on the tsūbukkyō, and their relationshipwith Takada Dōken will be re-examined. The basic logic emphasising the modern "rebirthof Wonhyo" refl ects the reception and interaction with trends in Japanese Buddhistthought. I shall be exploring the historical contexts within their relation to JapaneseBuddhism as well as the origins of the term tsūbukkyō, or universal Buddhism and thedistinct characteristics regulated in tsūbukkyō, that comprise Wonhyo Buddhism.