著者

大島 美穂

出版者

北東アジア学会

雑誌

環日本海研究 (ISSN:13430300)

巻号頁・発行日

no.4, pp.15-27, 1998-10-25

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In this paper I study three levels of actors in Baltic Sea cooperation, that is to say, international organization such as the EU, the central governments, and the local administrations, focusing on environmental problems. In Baltic Sea cooperation, which is a pioneer case of sub-regional cooperation, these three actors are in the same direction and are interdependent. This structual tendency of Baltic Sea cooperation is different from that of Japan Sea cooperation. The reason is that in Baltic Sea those three actors have the common interests in cooperation especially of environmental problems. But at the same time the cooperational system in Baltic Sea is not always top-down and the three levels are sometimes entangled in each other on environmetal issues. These animations of the trans-national activities reflects the European situation after the Cold War, but it also shows the essence of environmental problems, in which it is difficult to draw the lines among international organizations, the central governments and the local administrations. And there local administrations are in a way of grasping the regional situation and making an effective proposals, which may get over the national boundary.