著者

佐々 充昭

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学総合研究所紀要 (ISSN:1346048X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.3, pp.241-259, 2014-03

---

In the 15th century, the plague was widespread in the Hwanghae-Do Region, killing many Korean people. At the time, there was a popular rumor that the plague was caused by the curse of Dangun, the mythological being who founded the Choson State (the oldest country in the Korean Peninsula). By analyzing the related articles from Choson Wangjo Sillok (Annals of the Choson Dynasty), this paper considers the reason for the emergence of this rumor, thus clarifying the following facts. At Mt. Guwol in Hwanghae-Do, there existed a shrine known as Samsung-Sa, which was strongly regarded as holy by the local people. It is assumed that because Mt. Guwol had altars at which one could pray for rain, people considered the shrine especially effective for bringing rain. Moreover, the three saints that contained Dangun were enshrined at Samsung-Sa, where religious services based on the rituals of Buddhism, Taoism, and native folk beliefs were performed. During the Goryeo period, a messenger was sent from the Goryeo Imperial Court, and official religious services were carried out at Samsung-Sa. Thereafter, Lee Seonggye founded a new dynasty in 1392 and named it Choson to connect it with the oldest country in the Korean Peninsula. In addition, to enable the Choson Imperial Court to worship the national building Saint of Old Choson State. Dangun was enshrined at a new shrine in Pyongyang, where the Imperial Court performed the official religious services for Dangun. In addition, the Choson Dynasty adopted neo-Confucianism as the national governing principle and tried to accordingly change religious services in shrines throughout the country. In alignment with this reformation, not only were the religious services performed at Samsung-Sa modified to conform to Confucianism but also the official religious services at the shrine were abolished. The people of Hwanghae-Do were extremely dissatisfied with the Choson Dynasty's measures. Therefore, when the plague centered on Hwanghae-Do in the 15th century, it was popularly believed that the epidemic had resulted from Dangun's curse. This rumor spread throughout the country, and the Choson Imperial Court sent an inspector to Hwanghae-Do to thoroughly investigate the shrine's origin and connection to the plague. Consequently, it was reported that Dangun's curse was an unfounded inference, and the rumor was contradicted. However, the Choson Imperial Court accepted the demand of the Hwanghae-Do inhabitants and resumed the official religious services at Samsung-Sa. Furthermore, the Choson Imperial Court began performing religious services at Samsung-Sa, specifically prayers for rain. In conclusion, the rumors of Dangun's curse emerged because of the Hwanghae-Do inhabitants' dissatisfaction regarding the building of the Dangun Shrine in Pyongyang. In addition, the situation reflected the public's yearning for the religious services based on Buddhism, Taoism, and native folk rituals that were abandoned by the Choson Dynasty.