著者

谷内 悠

出版者

東京大学文学部宗教学研究室

雑誌

東京大学宗教学年報 (ISSN:02896400)

巻号頁・発行日

no.27, pp.119-136, 2009

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論文/ArticlesThis paper is concerned with the construction of an original theory which explains how the worldview, including the division between "reality and fiction," is formed.//In modern times, the very time of the rise of science, the contrast between "reality and fiction" was considered to be absolute. This was because modern science excluded objects with which it could not deal with from the "real" world, so that the "reality" recognized by it became the only "reality." Things regarded as "fictions" became something that could not have influence on the "reality" at all. Thus, the contemporary "common worldview" based on the doctrine of science for science's sake was formed.//However, our actual worldview cannot possibly be fully covered by science. "Reality" is not so firm, and "fiction" obviously has some power to affect "reality." This is especially obvious in situations such as conflicts between natural sciences and various religions today. The notion of "belief" becomes complicated, because "reality" can be "reality" only when it is "believed."//Needless to say, "belief" is a very basic notion in the studies of religion, so it is important to pay special attention to the significance of this "belief," analyze and describe more precisely how it works in the formation of our worldview. (Here, the meaning of "信" or "belief" is interpreted in a unique way.)//The analytic philosophy is the basis of my theory. It is a very effective method for analyzing religious discourses because it is a stream of philosophy emerging after the Linguistic Turn, which is represented by Wittgenstein and others, and because it stands close to the philosophy of language and philosophy of science. In this study, I particularly focus on and base my argument on the philosophy of W. V. O. Quine, and start my discussion from his key terms such as "holism," "relativism" and "conceptual scheme." While expanding them theoretically, for example, by positing a notion of "meta conceptual scheme" and examining the dynamism between "conceptual schemes" and "meta conceptual scheme," I formulate an original theory which has the notion of "belief" at its core.//In conclusion, "belief" plays the role of the ground that is not there intrinsically. When fiction is "believed," "reality" arises. This is probably an important viewpoint necessary for approaching the studies of religion in this post-modern time.