論文/ArticlesIn a review of the 10-volume Iwanami Kōza: Religion (2003-4) Richard Gardner said, "I must admit some surprise at the Western scholars of religion not referred to in these volumes. I count two references to Jonathan Z. Smith, who has probably done more than any other scholar to alter the study of religion in the United States in the last thirty years or so." This article would be the first attempt in Japanese to discuss and evaluate Smith's works by contextualizing them in the history of religious studies in North America, instead of merely portraying him as a critic of Eliade. Smith could aptly be called a scholar of religion who initiated what would later be called constructivist (anti-essentialist)/Orientalist critique from within the History of Religions (or, the so-called Chicago School). As such, his works cannot be univocally categorized by "-isms" or schools. What is most intriguing is that, while labeling the Eliadian phenomenology of religion as "antihistorical," he often shows sympathy for Lévi-Strauss and admits the influence of his structuralism upon himself. I analyze how he has combined typology with history, and then bring to light his own "humanism," which underlies not only his works but also those of some other Marxist and Freudian scholars of religion in North America.