著者

梅澤 秀夫 ウメザワ ヒデオ Hideo UMEZAWA

出版者

清泉女子大学人文科学研究所

雑誌

清泉女子大学人文科学研究所紀要 (ISSN:09109234)

巻号頁・発行日

no.35, pp.69-93, 2014

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本稿は、近藤重蔵の思想と行動を、歴史の中にいかに位置づけるかを考えることを課題としている。今回は、まず学問吟味で優秀な成績を収めた近藤重蔵が、寛政七(一七九五)年から九年にかけて、長崎奉行に任命された中川忠英の手附出役(奉行補佐官)として、長崎で勤務した時期の活動について考察した。次に、中川が勘定奉行に転じ、重蔵も江戸に戻って勘定所の支配勘定となり、海防および蝦夷地問題についての意見書を幕府に提出した時期をとりあげ、重蔵の思考と活動について考察した。長崎での活動については、『清俗紀聞』の編纂を中心に、当時幕府が進めつつあった書物編纂事業の一環として考えられること、及び重蔵の考証学者としての能力が最初に活用された事例であることを指摘した。次に、重蔵と蝦夷地との関わりについて考察する前提として、中世以来、蝦夷地がたどった歴史的経緯と近世国家体制に組み込まれてゆくプロセスをおおまかに検討した。それを踏まえ、十八世紀以降、北方地域にロシア勢力が出現し、その脅威に対処するために、幕府内に蝦夷地の直轄・開発を唱える改革派グループが形成され、勢力を拡大していくが、その政策が江戸初期以来の幕府の蝦夷地政策を大きく変更するものであることを指摘した。次に、寛政期における松平定信と改革派との関係、幕府内における強力な反対派勢力の存在を藤田覚氏の研究に依拠しながら、確認した。そして、定信退陣後にプロビデンス号来航を契機として直轄・開発派が、蝦夷地直轄に向けて動き出している状況の中で、重蔵等が江戸に帰着し、重蔵の意見書が提出されており、重蔵はこの幕府内の政治的対立の渦中に自らの意志で身を投じていったことを、重蔵が提出した意見書を検討しながら指摘した。なお、重蔵が寛政十年に幕府の大規模な蝦夷地調査団の一員として派遣され、蝦夷地で見聞・経験した諸問題については、次回にとりあげ、考察する予定である。 This is the second in a series of articles about the position and the role of Kondô Jûzô in Tokugawa intellectual history. This particular paper focuses on his thoughts and activity in the late eighteenth century, from 1795 to 1798 in particular, when he was in his late twenties. In 1795 Nakagawa Tadahide, the newly appointed magistrate of Nagasaki, recruited Kondô Jûzô as one of his assistants since he had been impressed by the remarkable scholarly ability of the young man. When Nakagawa was given a promotion and appointed as a magistrate in charge of the bakufu finance in two years, he took Kondô back to Edo with him and arranged for the latter's appointment as a junior official working for his office. This paper takes up the edition of Shinzoku Kibun, a book on customs and folk culture of Qing (Shin) China, carried out under the supervision of Nakagawa. This paper points out that Kondô played a major role in editing the book, making full use of his knowledge and ability in Chinese studies. It also points out that the edition of the book could be viewed as a part of a project of editing various books that the bakufu was carrying out at the time. Next, the paper sketches the history of Ezochi, the northern boundary area where Ainu people were living, and the developments and changes in the bakufu's policies about the management of the area from the early Tokugawa period on. Then it focuses on the argument exchanged between groups of bakufu officials in the late eighteenth century about how to deal with the people and the land of the area. One of the groups of officials, who were on alert against Russian policies of extending its territory into north-east Asia, made a plan to put Ezochi under the bakufu's direct control and develop agriculture and other industries there. This paper points out that such a plan was in conflict with the bakufu's traditional policy of dealing with the land of Ainu separately from the other parts of Japanese territory, and that the group of officials were inevitably oriented toward the reform of the traditional policy. The news about the incursion of the Providence, a British warship, into the Funkawan Bay of Ezochi, in 1796 encouraged this group of officials to promote a movement aiming at the realization of their plan. At the time Matsudaira Sadanobu, who had kept the group not to be too radical, had already resigned from the office of the senior councilor. According to the research of Fujita Satoshi on the bakufu's politics of this period, those bakufu officials who opposed to such a reforming policy banded together and tried to disturb the movement of the reformers. Against such controversy between groups of the bakufu officials as the backdrop, this paper analyzes a written proposal that Kondô submitted to the bakufu councilors at the time and points out that he intentionally participated in the argument on the side of the reformers.