著者

仲田 浩三

出版者

東南アジア学会

雑誌

東南アジア -歴史と文化- (ISSN:03869040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1972, no.2, pp.100-121, 1972

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Since the theory regarding this kingdom was put forward by Mayers in 1875, A. D., according to which Ho-ling is the transcription of Kalinga in South India and showing that the people coming from that region had settled in Java, many scholars have accepted it. In 1964 Damais, who had been trying to prove the new theory by Coed&eacute;s (proposed in 1948) wrote an article, in which he said that the name of Ho-ling in Chinese is to be transcribed <i>Walai_??_</i> in Old Javanese found in southen Central Java, and that this state existed as a kingdom from 640 A. D. to 818 A. D. In 1962 Iwamoto wrote an article, in which the name was transcribed as <i>Sailendra</i>.<br>This writer has drawn following conclusions regarding this problem, 1) that Ho-ling existed from before 640 A. D. to the second half of the ninth century (860-875 A. D.), according to the Hsin T'ang-shu, 2) that Ho-ling was established as a country in before 640 A. D. because it had sent the envoys to China in 647 A. D., 648 A. D., and 666 A. D. which were earlier than the years noted in the book by (_??_ie-dzia_??_) on the country of Srivijaya, 3) that during (Da_??_) period the main harbor was (<i>Kua_??_-tsi_??_u</i>) for plying between China and India or Southeast Asia by ship and then the route was along East of Malay Peninsula and Java, according to some historical sources in Chinese, 4) that Ho-ling is given the names of (<i>Zia</i>²-<i>b'u&acirc;</i>¹) and (<i>Zia</i>¹-<i>b'u&acirc;</i>¹) in the Hsin T'ang-shu and the country of is named (<i>Piu</i>²-<i>ka-liu_??_</i>¹), too, in the Ling-wai-tai-ta and <i>Piu-ka-liu_??_</i> is written the name of a harbor by way of (<i>Ja_??_gala</i>) at East Java in the (Tao-i-tsa-chik), so <i>Piu-ka-liu_??_</i> is not a name of country but that of the harbor of Pakalongan in 1817 A. D. at the northern Central Java, 5) that the following word formation and sound changes are conceivable:<br>luwa_??_>lo_??_&rarr;pakalo_??_an<br>luwa_??_>lwa_??_&rarr;kaluwa_??_>kalwa_??_&rarr;pakalwa_??_an>pakalo_??_an}>pakalo_??_an<br>and (<i>xa</i>¹-<i>lia_??_</i>¹) can be interpreted as abbreviation of <i>pakalwa_??_an</i> and identified with <i>kalwa_??_/kalo_??_</i> in Old Javanese, 6) that S&aring;j&aring;met&aring; and Tuk Mas inscriptions (undated) are found in northern Central Java; the former is found at the village near Batang which is located at the east of Pekalongan in the present, and these inscriptions are written in one of the variety of Brahmi script which is, however, different from usual script in appearing of new types of letters in cerebral <i>NA/N-</i>and liquid <i>RA/R</i> as shown on the inscriptions of Kedukan Bukit, Talang Tuw&aring; in Sumatra and Hampran, Din&aring;y&aring; in Java, and 7) that on the inscriptions of Kota Kapur at Bangka and Sa&ntilde;jaya in Java, archaic forms for liquid <i>RA/R-</i> and medial <i>U (suku in Javanese</i>) had been used reguarly, and if it is correct to identify S&aring;j&aring;mert&aring; inscription at the time befor 639 A. D. (of. Nakada, 1973), the family of <i>Selendra</i> inscribed on it had ruled the northern Kedu; also that the amily of Sa&ntilde;jaya settled at the southern Kedu or Prambanan, either from another part of Java or from another land, in 732 A. D. at the latest.