著者
長尾 恭史 小林 靖 竹内 雅美 田積 匡平 小田 知矢 眞河 一裕 宮島 さゆり 馬渕 直紀 小林 洋介 高橋 美江 今村 一博
出版者
一般社団法人 日本脳卒中学会
雑誌
脳卒中 (ISSN:09120726)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.34, no.6, pp.391-398, 2012 (Released:2012-11-23)
参考文献数
31
被引用文献数
4 1

【目的】脳卒中急性期における肺炎合併がどのような機序で機能回復に影響を与え予後悪化を招くか後方視的に検討した.【方法】急性期脳卒中患者のうち肺炎発症高リスク47名を対象とし,肺炎合併群17名と非合併群30名で各種データを比較.【結果】急性期入院時の背景因子・重症度は2群で差はなく,転院時では血清アルブミン値,SIAS麻痺側上下肢(上肢遠位除く),非麻痺側,体幹各下位項目,FIM,回復期退院時ではSIAS下肢近位(股),非麻痺側,体幹各下位項目,FIM,FIM効率と嚥下障害改善率で肺炎合併群が有意に劣っていた.【結論】肺炎合併による機能的予後の悪化とは,リハ遅滞や臥床による廃用性萎縮や学習された不使用が生じることにより,急性期での麻痺側運動機能,非麻痺側機能,体幹機能,嚥下機能の低い改善・低下や低栄養が主因となり,結果として回復期での機能回復にまで悪影響を及ぼすことであると考えられた.
著者
今村 一博
出版者
外国語教育メディア学会(LET)
雑誌
外国語教育メディア学会機関誌 (ISSN:21857792)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.48, pp.185-214, 2011

Certain researchers in Japan and abroad argue the ability to quickly recognize words and phrases is necessary for fluent reading. They recommend increasing the frequency of encounters with words and phrases through extensive reading (ER) in order to expedite their recognition. Some previous studies demonstrated that frequently processing words and phrases increased their recognition speed. However, the question of whether ER increases the recognition speed of words and phrases has not yet been addressed. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate whether ER for Japanese EFL learners increases the recognition speed of words, collocations, formulaic sequences, and antonyms. The participants chose and read English graded readers outside the class freely for approximately four months and attempted the lexical, collocational, phrasal, and antonym decision tasks before and after the reading. The results revealed that ER of about 30,000 words significantly increased the recognition speed of words and collocations, but not that of formulaic sequences and antonyms. This implies that processing a high number of words and collocations through ER increases their recognition speed. Furthermore, our results suggest that ER does not particularly expedite the assimilation of formulaic sequences and antonyms, which should be learned mainly through explicit instruction and intentional learning.