著者

伊從 勉

出版者

建築史学会

雑誌

建築史学 (ISSN:02892839)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, pp.2-46, 2011 (Released:2018-08-17)

著者

伊從 勉 Iyori Tsutomu

出版者

琉球大学国際沖縄研究所

雑誌

International journal of Okinawan studies (ISSN:21854882)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.2, pp.1-21, 2012-12

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The ouster of Mayor Senaga of Naha City from his office by order of the High Commissioner of the USCAR is a well known scandal from the year 1957 in Okinawa, not only as a violation of the autonomy of local government by the U.S. Administration Power occupying then the Ryukyu Islands, but also for the fact that it was rather Ryukyuan political leaders including mayors and chairmen of the local assemblies, businessmen, and editors of the mass-media who urged the Order of the High Commissioner. He intervened because there was no legitimate solution left in the Assembly of Naha City to succeed in a vote of no-confidence in the Mayor, nor in the Ryukyu Legislature to amend an article in the Municipal Autonomy Law, which could enable the no-confidence, because the Legislature has denied it by the good reason that the case was too particular to generalize in a law. This paper tries to focus on a hitherto forgotten relationship between the ouster and the role that the government of the Ryukyu Islands played by another whole-scale amendment of the Law, processed along with the campaign for ouster throughout the year.

著者

伊從 勉

出版者

京都大學人文科學研究所

雑誌

人文学報 (ISSN:04490274)

巻号頁・発行日

no.104, pp.37-63, 2013

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琉球王国時代の首里は,西原・南風原・真和志の三箇間切を後背地域として経営された王都だった。那覇は17世紀までは真和志間切のなかの良港として,後には泊と並ぶ独立した港まちとして,王城に上る冊封使や薩摩の役人達の逗留地であり,日本人町と渡来人・?人の町,そして遊郭を擁す町として殷賑を極めた。近代に入ると,首里は周辺の旧三箇間切から切り離され,産業や商業的基盤を持たぬ小自治体となり,三箇間切もそれぞれ独立した村となった。那覇は,狭いながら以前同様の商業・通商・産業を維持し,さらには首里から県庁を移した県都となった。こうして,政治・産業・経済的に,首里と那覇の地位は逆転した。しかし,沖縄県への地方制度の導入は遅れ,他府県並の一般自治制 (市制町村制) が施行されたのは1921年である。自治体の規模を旧王府時代の単位そのままに自治制が施行されたため,50平方粁,12万人を擁する地域に5つの自治体がひしめきあう様となり,そのうちの那覇市と周辺地域及び首里市だけに都市計画法が適用されたのは,日本の同規模の都市に比べて大きく遅れ1933年のことである。ところが,那覇と首里における都市計画は敗戦までほとんど進展がなかった。しかも,33年以降の那覇・首里の市長達は,自治体の合併が〈都市計画〉のまず第1歩と考え「大沖縄市」を実現しようと努力したが実現しなかった。都市計画法上,都市計画区域は単一自治体の領域を大きく越えて内務大臣が指定するから,区域内の自治体が合併するか否かは,本来,国の都市計画支配とは別個の問題である。市村合併は自治の問題であり,都市計画は国家事務であるからだ。何故,戦前戦時下の沖縄県では都市計画はほとんど進展しなかったのか。そして,時の首里市長や那覇市長は,何故,自治体合併が〈都市計画〉だと考えたのか。戦前の沖縄県や那覇に関与したごく少数の都市計画属官や技師のうち,以上の謎に係わった人物がいた。Shuri, an ancient capital of the Ryukyu Kingdom, Naha, its port town and surrounding three districts had composed since 15th century a kind of metropolitan region of the Kingdom. In the modernity however, they got disassociated into several independent bodies after the abolishment of the Kingdom in 1879. Shuri became a small township without any industries nor commercial activities but with population of ex-retinues families of the Kingdom. Naha, on the contrary, turned to be a center of Okinawa Prefecture with economical, political and trading activities in spite of its historically limited area facing on both sides to an inner bay and a western seashore. The application of modern local autonomic system to local bodies in Japan in 1889, has delayed much in Okinawa until 1921, so is the same as for the Town Planning Law promulgated in 1919 until its application to Naha and Shuri in 1933. These two systems were contradictory each other, because the latter denied the autonomic decision in Town Planning by each local body. The delay of application has urged the City of Naha an independent sense of autonomic governance of the city, and has executed by themselves the construction of Water supply systems without any national Town Planning subsidiaries. It could explain a reason why, in 1941, an incorporation of Naha, Shuri and three villages around has become a subject of controversy, where people believed it as a necessary step to a broaden Town Planning of the region. All the while, Okinawa was one of the Prefectures in prewar and war time Japan, where a state-made Town Planning has executed almost nothing. And juridically any corporation of cities, towns and villages was not a crucial premise of Town Planning, because Urban zoning area had no relation with incorporation of local bodies but defined by the Home Ministry. This paper analyses how and why these contradictions and misunderstandings happened in the war-time Okinawa Metropole where a state administrative system of Town Planning played almost no role.