著者

別所 秀夫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.1, pp.115-131, 2014 (Released:2014-06-13)

参考文献数

72

被引用文献数

1

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This paper describes the transformation of the concept of tairyoku or physical fitness during the period 1872-1945, and analyzes it from the viewpoints of “discourse” and “the body.” The word tairyoku was first used in official documents as a translation of “bodily powers” in modern Japanese education. The word tairyoku appeared in the context of the discourse on physical education encompassing the whole picture of intellectual, moral, and physical education. This appears to have been the birth of the concept of tairyoku in the Japanese education system. Tairyoku was often used in discussions of taikaku or physique, from the Meiji (1868-1912) to Taisho (1912-1926) periods, but it was not a common concept for the population as a whole. Modern research into tairyoku in order to explore the full potentiality of the body accompanied the changes in social structure during the development of capitalism in Japan after the First World War, and with the development of research in medicine, hygiene, health and physiology. Thereafter, research on tairyoku became scientific, but leaned toward a concept that included the spirit during the Second World War.