著者

吉岡 伸彦 宮下 充正

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, 1984

著者

吉岡 伸彦 宮下 充正

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号 第35回(1984) (ISSN:24330183)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.437, 1984-10-18 (Released:2017-08-25)

著者

町田 樹

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集 第68回(2017) (ISSN:24241946)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.38_2, 2017 (Released:2018-02-15)

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フィギュアスケートは、氷上においてジャンプやスピン、ステップなどの卓越した「身体技術」に加え、思想や感情、物語を体現するための「表現技術」を競うスポーツである。基本的に「滑る」、「跳ぶ」、「回る」等の動作で構成されるフィギュアスケートだが、それらの動作を駆使して発揮される一連のパフォーマンスは、ときに「踊る」、「表現する」という動詞によって言い表される芸術的な動きの連続性として捉えられる。では、なぜ人はフィギュアスケーターの演技に美的な価値を見出すのであろうか。その理由の一つとしては、長い歴史の中で様式化されたフィギュアスケート特有の動作と音楽の間に、強力な相関関係が成立しているからであろう。本発表では、実際に発表者による自作振付の映像を用いながら、フィギュアスケーターの身体技術と音楽の密接な関係性を中心に、分析を試みていきたい。なお、発表者はフィギュアスケーターとしてのキャリアを23年間継続させており、現在プロフィギュアスケーターとしても活動を展開している。従って、本発表は研究者の観点と共に、フィギュアスケートの実演家および振付家の視点からも見解を提示するものである。

著者

朝西 知徳

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, 1996

著者

岡部 祐介 友添 秀則 春日 芳美

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.1, pp.129-142, 2012 (Released:2012-06-02)

参考文献数

72

被引用文献数

2

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Konjo is the willpower necessary to endure suffering, and for making an effort, having become a word in daily use in society, as well as in sports. The purpose of this study was to clarify the opportunity and the factors responsible for the transformation of konjo in Japanese society in the 1960s. Our study focused on three points: 1) Clarifying how the meaning of the word konjo changed in the 1960s, from its dictionary definition and usage in newspaper articles. 2) Clarifying the situation in which konjo became popular through the Tokyo Olympic Games, and its spread to the sports community and to society. 3) Considering the factors responsible for the transformation of konjo, and to propose a hypothesis that could account for it.   Our conclusions were as follows: 1) The meaning of konjo evolved from a negative context of “a fundamental character and mindset with which a person is born” to a positive context of “a strong, resilient character that cannot be suppressed” and “a strong motivation to accomplish an aim” at the beginning of the 1960s. 2) Konjo was considered to the spiritual keynote for athletes at the Tokyo Olympic Games. Hirobumi Daimatsu's “konjo theory” had the persuasive reason by winning “Oriental Witches” championship at the Tokyo Olympics. In view of these factors, we considered that konjo was interpreted as a popularized moral virtue by society, and impacted on both education and popular culture. 3) We considered that the concept of konjo became transformed and was used to promote competitiveness in sports at the Tokyo Olympics as part of the strategy for “character building”. It also played a role in bolstering human resources that played a key role in economic development during the 1960s, and thus was of strategic value. The considerations listed above show that the Tokyo Olympic Games played an important role in the transformation of the concept of konjo in the 1960s.

著者

阿部 生雄

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, 1999

著者

松井 高光 木村 昌彦 田中 秀昌 桐生 拓

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, 2014

著者

半田 徹 加藤 浩人 長谷川 伸 岡田 純一 加藤 清忠

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.1, pp.43-54, 2009-06-30 (Released:2009-11-05)

参考文献数

27

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The purpose of this study was to examine muscle activities during seven traditional different free dynamic exercises designed to strengthen the abdominal muscles. Eleven adult men with experience in weight training were asked to perform three repetitions of LSU, BSU, TSU, TC, RSU, LR and SLR. Activities of the upper rectus abdominis (URA), lower rectus abdominis (LRA), external abdominal oblique (EAO), and rectus femoris (RF) during the hip flexion and hip extension phases of each exercise were examined by electromyography (EMG) and analyzed using root mean square (RMS) values. The following results were obtained: (1) The mean RMS values for the URA were larger during the RSU and SLR than during the other five exercises. The value for the same muscle was larger during the TC exercise than during the LSU, BSU, TSU, and LR exercises. The mean RMS value for the LRA was largest during the RSU exercise, while that during the SLR exercise was larger than those during the LSU, BSU, TSU, TC, and LR exercises. (2) The mean RMS value for the EAO was largest during the SLR exercise, while that during the RSU exercise was second-largest and that during the TSU exercise was third-largest. The mean RMS values for the RF were larger during the RSU and SLR than during the other five exercises. The smallest value for this muscle was recorded during the TC exercise. (3) In most of the exercises, RMS in the hip flexion phase was larger than in the hip extension phase, and each muscle exhibited a knee flexion phase/knee extension phase ratio of between 0.5 and 0.8. However, the ratio for EAO and RF exceeded this range. (4) The muscle activity for the RF muscle in the RSU and SLR exercises was large, implying excessive stress for the lumbar vertebrae. Nevertheless, these exercises induced active muscle activity, and appeared desirable to perform with sufficient attention to safety.These results suggest that RSU and SLR exercises are the most effective movements for stimulating the URA, LRA and EAO. Moreover, TC is an effective movement for training the URA, and TSU is an effective movement for training.

著者

吉岡 伸彦 武藤 芳照 宮下 充正

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, 1985

著者

前田 奎 大山卞 圭悟 関 慶太郎 水島 淳 広瀬 健一 尾縣 貢

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.18002, (Released:2019-01-21)

参考文献数

38

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The purpose of this study was to investigate, using path analysis, causal relationships among motion factors for achieving a high release velocity in the male discus throw. The throwing motions of 61 male discus throwers were analyzed using three-dimensional motion analysis. Variables such as release velocity, velocities gained by each body segment, body segment velocity, body angle and angular velocity were obtained. The path model indicating the causal relationships among these factors was constructed by path analysis. The main results were as follows: Influences of velocities gained by each body segment on release velocity were largest for the arm, followed in order by the trunk and legs. Motion factors such as weight shift, acquisition of the velocity of the center of gravity, sweeping the legs, rotations of the hip and shoulder, twisting and untwisting of the trunk, acquisition of the velocity of the right knee and extension of the left knee had direct or indirect influences on the velocities gained by each body segment. Motion factors in the path model revealed causal relationships along the time sequence of the throwing motion. In addition, the path model in this study indicated the cause and effect structure of the throwing motion by which Japanese male discus throwers were able to achieve a high release velocity. The results of this study can be utilized for technical coaching of the discus throw based on causal relationships.

著者

夏原 隆之 中山 雅雄 加藤 貴昭 永野 智久 吉田 拓矢 佐々木 亮太 浅井 武

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.1, pp.71-85, 2015 (Released:2015-06-13)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

4 3

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Some of the mechanisms underlying superior performance in sports may be clarified by investigating the role of visual information in the execution of particular responses by expert athletes. The aim of this study was to examine how soccer players process visual information when executing a tactical pass in a 4 vs. 4 attacking play scenario. To identify the cognitive processes operating during task execution, we measured eye movement and correlated it with verbal reports from players. The subjects comprised 30 soccer players with differing proficiencies (15 “experts” and 15 “sub-experts”). 2 tests were carried out: a test to evaluate the level of passing skill, and a decision-making test to evaluate the reproducibility of tactical passing and the accuracy of passes aimed to specific locations. Eye movements were measured during the decision-making test. Furthermore, in each trial of the decision-making test, verbal reports were collected. These related to how and why participants decided to pass the ball to any particular player among the 4 attackers on screen and, in order to determine their best judgment, how they captured the play situation and what they paid attention to. The results revealed that for execution of the pass, the experts were significantly more proficient at passing accurately to the aimed location, and their passing judgment was more reproducible in comparison to the sub-experts, although both groups had a uniform level of passing skill in terms of pass execution. In addition, eye movement data obtained during pass execution confirmed that in the play observation phase, while experts maintained their line of sight on other objects, they also maintained a longer gaze on defensive players to identify gaps between them. Also in the ball approach phase, the experts maintained a longer gaze on the player who was judged to be the best choice for receiving an accurate pass. These observations suggest that the superior passing performance of expert soccer players is attributable to accurate and efficient extraction of visual information and utilizing it in the context of their accumulated knowledge base.

著者

吉岡 伸彦 武藤 芳照 宮下 充正

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号 第36回(1985) (ISSN:24330183)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.434, 1985-08-20 (Released:2017-08-25)

著者

戸邉 直人 苅山 靖 林 陵平 木越 清信 尾縣 貢

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.18044, (Released:2019-10-28)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

1

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In the take-off motion of the high jump, huge power exerted by the lower limb is required in a very short time. Consequently, to achieve the take-off motion, improvement of power exertion ability is important, and most high jumpers work to achieve this. However, the components of the kinetics that contribute to high jump performance are unknown. This study investigated lower limb joint kinetics during the take-off phase of the high jump and the relationships between kinetic variables and performance. Seven male high jumpers were investigated. Their take-off motions were filmed using an infrared camera (Vicon Motion System, 250 Hz), and the ground reaction force was recorded using a force platform (Kistler, 9287C, 1000Hz). The coefficients of correlation between the vertical velocity of the center of gravity of the whole body (CG) at the moment of take-off and kinetic variables were calculated. The following results were obtained: 1. The muscles involved in hip extension play a primary role in shock absorption at the moment of touchdown. Furthermore, the muscles involved in hip abduction, knee extension and ankle plantarflexion play a significant role in lifting the body in addition to the above functions. 2. The concentric power produced by hip abductors during the take-off motion may increase vertical velocity of the CG at the moment of take-off. 3. As it has been reported that single leg exercises impact the function of hip abductors, such exercises may improve take-off motion in the high jump. These results illustrate the characteristics of take-off motion in the high jump, and these may be studied further to plan effective training aimed at improving performance.

著者

劉 樸

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, 2003

著者

劉 暢

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.17021, (Released:2018-03-02)

参考文献数

41

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The present study investigated the historical transition in the shape of the character “武”, which appears in both Japanese budo (武道) and Chinese martial arts (武術). A review of related studies conducted in Japan and China revealed that previous studies had focused mainly on the original shape and original meaning of “武”and transitions in its usage. Therefore this study can be considered to complement previous research on the character “武”. ・ The study mainly analyzed the shape of“武”in Jia Gu Wen (inscriptions on animal bones and tortoise carapaces, 甲骨文), Jin Wen (inscriptions on ancient bronze objects, 金文), seal script (篆書), the Chu character (楚 文字), clerical script (隷書) , and regular script (楷書) through carved stones, tombstones, bamboo slips and other related material. The main results were as follows. ・ The earliest representation of “武”in Jia Gu Wen appeared in the Wu Ding (武丁) period (1250 BC), while the earliest “武” in Jin Wen appeared in the Di Xin (帝辛) period (1075-1046 BC). In both Jia Gu Wen and Jin Wen, the character “武” consists of two parts: “戈” and “止”. In Jia Gu Wen, the “戈” part is located above “止”, whereas in Jin Wen “戈” is located on the right upper side of “止”. ・ From seal script to clerical script, the character “武” changed to a great extent. Such a change is referred to as clericalization (隷変). Therefore, the Chu character, which was written on a bamboo slip by hand around the Zhan Guo period (475-221 BC), was used to identify the consistent shape of the character of “武”. Specifically, most of the curve stroke of “止” and “戈” became a straight line and the third stroke of “戈” dwindled, while the positions of “止” and “戈” were slightly changed. ・ From clerical script to regular script, the character “武” changed further, especially in the “戈” component. Specifically, the second stroke of “武” changed from curved to straight. Another change was that the 1st and 7th strokes in “武” became separated from each other. Chinese martial arts began to exhibit an atheistic aspect from the Tang dynasty (618-907). The changes that appear in regular script for “武” shows fading of the recognition that “武” is made up of “止” and “戈”, as well as that “戈” represents “weapon” or “combat”. These are considered the reasons why the shape of “武” changed after the Tang dynasty.

著者

渡邉 昌史

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.3, pp.287-298, 2006 (Released:2008-01-25)

参考文献数

26

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The People's Republic of China, which is a multiethnic country, considers policies focusing on ethnic minorities to be an imprtant national issue. The present study was designed to examine the identity of ethnic minorities by focusing on national meets involving traditional athletic sports among such ethnic minorities as one aspect of national policy. The 1st and 7th National Meets of Athletic Sports for Ethnic Minorities were held respectively in 1953 and in 2003, during which a change from modern sports to ethnic sports was recognized with respect to the sporting events emphasized. Subsequently, a change from those ethnic sports to post-ethnic sports was recognized. The participation of members of minority groups in these National Meets appeals to their ethnic identity, leading to the creation of a pan-ethnic minority identity. Since in addition to ethnic minorities, the Han race also participates in the National Meets, the Meets function as a cultural mechanism by which the Pan-ethnic minority identity is replaced by the Chinese ethnic identity, thus equating the Chinese ethnic identity with the official national identity. The representation of culture at the National Meets has been changing from a state in which “ethnic minorities represent different cultures” to one in which “ethnic minorities represent their own cultures.” These facts suggest that ethnic sports in China contribute to political and ethnic integration, whereby ethnic sports are useful for affirming ethnic identities that are manifested at various intensity levels, and that ethnic sports serve as a medium whereby changes in identity can take place.

著者

川上 泰雄

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集 第68回(2017) (ISSN:24241946)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.37_2, 2017 (Released:2018-02-15)

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トップアスリートや舞踊家、音楽家など、様々なジャンルで活躍するエリート達は、いずれも人間の身体能力を極めて高いレベルで達成している「達人」であるといえる。人々を驚嘆、感動させるこうした達人たちの動きに関して精力的に研究・実践活動を進めている4名の専門家を演者としてお招きし、本シンポジウムを企画した。「達人技」の域に達する動作の機序、音楽・リズムとの絶妙な協調を成し遂げる情報処理能力や身体制御方略、そして人々の感動を呼ぶ達人の動きのポイントなどについて、各氏より最新の研究成果をご披露いただく。会場では「達人技を科学する」というテーマのもと、各演者の話題を中心に議論を行い、領域横断的な考察を深めることを目指す。シンポジウムに割り当てられる合計時間の関係から、パネルディスカッションは最小限とし、各演者のご発表と質疑応答にできる限りの時間を充てる予定である。バイオメカニクス研究領域はもちろん、ご興味をもたれる様々な研究領域の皆様のご参加と、積極的な意見交換をお願いする次第である。芸術の域にまで高められた人間の究極の動きに迫り、身体能力の多様な可能性を探りたい。

著者

山中 祥子 関矢 寛史

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.2, pp.721-730, 2013 (Released:2013-12-07)

参考文献数

15

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The purpose of this study was to investigate knowledge of eating disorders among female college athletes. A questionnaire was distributed to female college athletes who specialized in sports with an increased risk for the development of eating disorders (N=100), those specializing in other sports (N=68), and those not belonging to varsity teams (N=79). The questionnaire consisted of the Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26) and knowledge tests on risk factors, symptoms, and treatments/coping strategies. Although total scores for correct knowledge did not differ among the groups, the score for incorrect knowledge of treatments/coping strategies was higher in both of the athlete groups than in the non-athlete group. In addition, athletes with EAT-26 scores of 20 or more had more correct knowledge of risk factors but also had more incorrect knowledge for all subscales than athletes with EAT-26 scores of 10 or less, indicating that athletes with abnormal eating attitudes had a greater amount of incorrect knowledge.

著者

勝田 茂 高松 薫 田中 守 小泉 順子 久野 譜也 田渕 健一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.2, pp.141-149, 1989-09-01 (Released:2017-09-27)

被引用文献数

1

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Attempts were made to clarify whether or not fiber composition of the m. vastus lateralis could be predicted with running performance. Biopsy samples from 32 well-trained and 17 untrained adult males were examined for the percentage area of fast-twitch (FT) and slow-twitch (ST) fibers which might be related to the physical performance better than the fiber type distribution. In addition, each subject completed 50-m sprint and 12-min run tests. A multiple regression analysis revealed that in the trained males predictive accuracy (R^2) for the percentage area of FT fibers (% areaFT) from the ratio of a 50-m sprint speed to a 12-min run speed (50 m・S/12 min・S) was higher than that from most of other variables,e.g. 50 m・S, 12 min・S, or the combination of 50 m・S and 12 min・S; R^2 of 50 m・S/12 min・S was 80.3%(p&lt0.05). A positive correlation between 50 m・S/12 min・S and %areaFT also existed for the untrained subjects (R^2=63.7%, p&lt0.05). The linear regression equations of %areaFT (Y) on 50 m・S/12 min・S (X)were Y=-68.6 + 76.2X (r=0.896, p&lt0.05) and Y=-47.5 + 61.1X (r=0.798, p&lt0.05) for the trained and untrained males, respectively. There was no significant difference in the regression equations between the trained and untrained males. For all subjects, the equation was Y=-59.8 + 69.8X (r=0.876, p&lt0.05) and the standard error of estimate of %areaFT on 50 m・S/12 min . S was 8.86%. These results suggest that the performances of a 50-m sprint and a 12-min run are valuable indicators in, accurately, easily and noninvasively, predicting the percentage area of FT and ST fibers of the m. vastus lateralis from adult male.

著者

下代 昇平 谷本 道哉

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集 第68回(2017) (ISSN:24241946)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.128_1, 2017 (Released:2018-02-15)

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背景・目的:近年運動において、体幹の剛体化は、四肢の土台としての働き、下肢から上肢への力の伝達等の観点から注目されている。体幹を剛体化させるトレーニング(TR)としてプランクなどの体幹TRが注目されており、実施の際には腹圧の上昇を伴うことが重要といわれている。本研究では体幹TRをはじめ、各種運動時の腹圧を調べることを目的とした。なお、腹腔の構造上、腹圧の上昇は体幹を伸展させるトルクが生じる。この観点からの検証、考察も行うこととした。方法:プランク・バックブリッジ等の体幹TR、スクワット・ベンチプレス等の各種筋力TR、ジャンプ・投打動作等のダイナミックな競技動作を実施し、運動中の腹圧を肛門よりカテーテル式圧力計を挿入して測定した。結果:腹圧の上昇の程度は「体幹TR(3~10%)<<筋力TR(7~47%程度)<ダイナミックな競技動作(38~61%:いずれもバルサルバを100%とする)」であり、体幹TRは小さい値であった。また、体幹伸展トルクを生じるような動作において特に腹圧が高まる様子は観察されなかった。