著者

加用 文男 中本 奈穂美

出版者

心理科学研究会

雑誌

心理科学 (ISSN:03883299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.59-62, 2007-07-20 (Released:2017-09-10)

著者

加用 文男

出版者

心理科学研究会

雑誌

心理科学 (ISSN:03883299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.2, pp.1-12, 2016 (Released:2017-05-01)

参考文献数

28

著者

加用 文男 浅岡 靖央 加藤 理 八木 紘一郎

出版者

日本保育学会

雑誌

日本保育学会大会研究論文集

巻号頁・発行日

no.51, 1998-04-27

著者

加用 文男

出版者

心理科学研究会

雑誌

心理科学 (ISSN:03883299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.1, pp.74-88, 2005-02-28 (Released:2017-09-10)

---

Thanks to the valuable works by the brain scientist A. R. Damasio (1994, 1999) that underlined the bodily bases for feelings, the correlation between the feeling and the body is receiving much attention today. In this paper I first discussed the significance of his theory as well as Wallon's theory of feelings (1932), which has so far been paid comparatively little attention in the English-speaking sphere. Next I argued that Wallon's theory of feelings is basically a theory of mutually coordinating interaction between center and periphery, and that it is quite different from James-Lange or Cannon-Bard theories. Then I proceeded to consider the various phenomena that I called "not corresponding feelings" and regarded as manifestations of what Wallon discussed in the theory, and classified them under four categories, in the hope that the classification will serve as a theoretical basis for future case-gathering efforts. The first of the categories I called "the feelings toward undefined subjects", under which come Freud's "anxiety", Damasio's "background emotions", and the emotional effects relevant to "the postural functions" that Wallon discussed. The second category was called "remaining and alteration". Anderson's study on the primacy effect (1965), the perseverance effect by Ross, Lepper and Hubbard (1975), and the non-effect of mitigating information by Zillman and Cantor (1976) are the instances of "remaining" I gave, and the suspension-bridge experiment by Dutton and Aron (1974) and the sexual attraction study by Dienstbier, R. A. (1979) come under "alteration". The third was called "strengthening and weakening". "strengthening" was seen, for instance, in a phenomenon when a laughter (or crying) is so compulsive it cannot be stopped, but I could not identify any studies on this subject. An example of the "weakening", on the other hand, was found in the survey by Bowlby (1979) on convalescent processes from the loss of a parent or spouse, which indicates crying is effective in alleviating grief. My argument is that the "weakening" phenomena is contradictory to both the James-Lange theory and the Cannon-Bard theory and can only be explained by the theory of mutually coordinating interaction. The fourth is "deviant expression", which includes such phenomena as tears out of anger or laughter, laughter out of extreme fear, and aggressive behavior as expression of joy, the last of which may be illustrated by some of the behaviors of the C type children in Ainsworth et al.'s SS method. Very few studies have been done on the subject, leaving a great deal of room for future research. I gave some examples of "deviant expression" I observed among children at nursing school. My overall conclusion is that theories on feelings today should be some kinds of revised two-factor theory-they, while recognizing the role of cognition in the formation of emotion emphasized in the two-factor theory by Schachter and Singer (1962), the theories of cognitive appraisal by Roseman et al. (1990), Smith and Lazarus (1993) and Scherer (1984, 1992, 1993), and the theory of secondary emotion by Damasio (1999), should also take the theory of mutually coordinating interaction of Wallon (1932) fully into consideration.

著者

加用 文男

出版者

心理科学研究会

雑誌

心理科学 (ISSN:03883299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.1, pp.1-19, 1992-05-31 (Released:2017-09-10)

被引用文献数

1

---

Although a large number of studies have been made of make-believe play, little is known about the child's cognitive differentiation of fantasy and reality. A decade ago, Kayo(1981)proposed a new experimental method towards this problem. However, from the developmental point of view, much still remains to be done. This paper is intended as a further investigation of developmental change in this area. In experiment I, the experimenter began asking a child in play, "What are you doing?", and received the answer of an imaginary name or role, for example, "I'm making a pudding"or"I'm salesman". Later, the experimenter called the child or the pretend object by it sreal name, for example, "But this is sand, isn't it?"or"But you are Ryuji, aren't you?". The following results were obtained : None of younger food really as the experimenter had done. From these observatins, we can say with fair certainty that the mental movement of children(2:0-2:6)in play children(1:11:0-3:6)could make a valid objection. Older children(3:7-6:6)sometimes could make a valid objection. Based on these observations above, we can conclude that especially over 3 and a half years old, a child's psychological state in play is usually moving, changing and returning inside of make-believe. In experiment II, after the experimenter received play food, such as a "a pudding", from a child in play, he immediately put it into his mouth. The results were as follows : most of the older children(2:6-6:0)were startled and some of them burst out laughing. However, on the one hand, most of younger children(2:0-2:6)were not obviously startled, but on the other hand, many of them looked hard at the scene. Some of them actually began to eat the play lies between the two fixed states of makebelieve and non-makebilieve.

著者

加用 文男 中本 奈穂美

出版者

心理科学研究会

雑誌

心理科学 (ISSN:03883299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.59-62, 2007-07-20

被引用文献数

1

著者

加用 文男

出版者

心理科学研究会

雑誌

心理科学 (ISSN:03883299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1, pp.68-83, 2013-06-23 (Released:2017-09-10)

被引用文献数

1

著者

加用 文男

出版者

心理科学研究会

雑誌

心理科学 (ISSN:03883299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1, pp.68-83, 2013

著者

加用 文男 加藤 義信

出版者

心理科学研究会

雑誌

心理科学 (ISSN:03883299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.2, pp.77-94, 2017 (Released:2018-03-15)

著者

加用 文男 加藤 義信

出版者

心理科学研究会

雑誌

心理科学 (ISSN:03883299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.1, pp.87-98, 2018 (Released:2018-10-02)

著者

加用 文男 新名 加苗 河田 有世 村尾 静香 牧 ルミ子

出版者

心理科学研究会

雑誌

心理科学 (ISSN:03883299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.2, pp.38-59, 1996-09-30 (Released:2017-09-10)

---

In this we obtained 1815 speech act samples of children in make-believe play, coded and counted along with the speech act theory, at day-care-centers in 4 prefectures of Japan. We sorted these samples into 4 categories, 2 of which were "in "and"out" of the make-believe frame (lines and stage directions) introduced by Garvey (1984) and Giffin (1984). The other 2 categories were "out of make-believe play" (more realistic speech acts) and "confusion" of these, introduced by us (IOPC). On the other hand, from the view point of speech style we sorted these same samples into the two categories of either dialect or standard language (DS). Results of the cross-analysis of IOPC and DS in each age group (3-5years) were as follows. (1) Even 3 year-old children who use dialect language in their daily life used standard language in their lines (speech utterances in a make-believe frame). (2) 3 year-old children uttered more "lines" and "confusions", while 4 year-old uttered more "out of frame" and "out of play", and 5 year-old uttered much more "lines". Based on these results, we made critical discussions of the differentiation-integration hypothesis of fantasy and reality (ex., Scarlett & Wolf, 1979 ; Dilalla & Watson, 1988) and the signifiant-signifie paradigm of make-believe play. We supported the idea of multiple levels of role taking (Giffin, 1984) and proposed the mood hypothesis of make-believe play.

著者

加用 文男

出版者

心理科学研究会

雑誌

心理科学 (ISSN:03883299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.1, pp.1-19, 1992-05-31

---

Although a large number of studies have been made of make-believe play, little is known about the child's cognitive differentiation of fantasy and reality. A decade ago, Kayo(1981)proposed a new experimental method towards this problem. However, from the developmental point of view, much still remains to be done. This paper is intended as a further investigation of developmental change in this area. In experiment I, the experimenter began asking a child in play, "What are you doing?", and received the answer of an imaginary name or role, for example, "I'm making a pudding"or"I'm salesman". Later, the experimenter called the child or the pretend object by it sreal name, for example, "But this is sand, isn't it?"or"But you are Ryuji, aren't you?". The following results were obtained : None of younger food really as the experimenter had done. From these observatins, we can say with fair certainty that the mental movement of children(2:0-2:6)in play children(1:11:0-3:6)could make a valid objection. Older children(3:7-6:6)sometimes could make a valid objection. Based on these observations above, we can conclude that especially over 3 and a half years old, a child's psychological state in play is usually moving, changing and returning inside of make-believe. In experiment II, after the experimenter received play food, such as a "a pudding", from a child in play, he immediately put it into his mouth. The results were as follows : most of the older children(2:6-6:0)were startled and some of them burst out laughing. However, on the one hand, most of younger children(2:0-2:6)were not obviously startled, but on the other hand, many of them looked hard at the scene. Some of them actually began to eat the play lies between the two fixed states of makebelieve and non-makebilieve.