著者

國原 美佐子

出版者

東京女子大学

雑誌

東京女子大学紀要論集 (ISSN:04934350)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.2, pp.27-53, 1994-03-16

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The purpose of this paper is to consider the establishment of the tosenbugyo 唐船奉行 to regulate foreign relations, and the reason why Ino-Yamato no kami-Sadatsura 飯尾大和守貞連 was appointed as the first tosenbugyo. In the fourth year of Eikyo 永享 (1432), the diplomatic relations, which featured the tally trade (勘合貿易) between Japan and the Ming dynasty and were discontinued after the death of the third Muromachi shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu 足利義満, were then restored by the sixth shogun Ashikaga Yoshinori 足利義教. After Yoshinori's time, the totosen 渡唐船 (the fleet of the ships from Japan to Ming China) consisted of the ships belonging to three different kinds of owners: the Muromachi shogun, temples, and the shugo daimyo. According to Mansai Jugo Nikki 満済准后日記, the system of the tosenbugyo was established in 1434 (永享6年) to mediate all the business about the tally trade between the ship managers, the gozan-monks 五山僧, and the Muromachi shogun as monarch of Japan. The first main (tanto) tosenbugyo was Ino Sadatsura, who was the bugyonin (one of the shogun's executive officers) in the Muromachi period. The Ino family, especially the Yamato branch, the Kaga branch, and the Hizen branch, were influential among bugyonin called gozen satashu 御前沙汰衆 (direct judges), and were promoted by the Ashikaga shoguns. The main tosenbugyo and the sub tosenbugyo (aibugyo) were appointed from the three branch of the lno family for generations. The tosenbugyo's regular work can be devided as follows: (1) to defend the trading ships around Japan, (2) to procure export goods, (3) to mediate among the Muromachi shogun, the ship managers and the Gozan-monks (4) to manage the tallies. In addition, Ino Sadatsura also conducted negotiations with the diplomats of the Li dynasty as a representative of the Muromachi shogunate. It had been impossible for a government official to deal with the diplomatic issues during the Yoshimitsu's reign. The diplomacy of the Muromachi period particularly valued the trade and it affected domestic politics. Tosenbugyo did not play such an active part in Muromachi diplomacy as the Gozan-monks did, but it is significant that the Muromachi shogunate was the first organization to appoint the executive officers of the samurai class to high positions in its diplomatic organization.

著者

國原 美佐子

出版者

東京女子大学

雑誌

史論 (ISSN:03864022)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, pp.119-141, 2001

著者

國原 美佐子

雑誌

東京女子大学紀要論集 (ISSN:04934350)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.1, pp.55-83, 0000

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During the 15th century, the Choson court performed diplomatic ceremonies for China, Japan, and barbarian tribes(野人).These ceremonies were based on the Confucian tradition. They consisted of music and Dancing. At parties, which were holded after the ceremony, ladies played music and danced as well. During the reign of King Songjong(成宗)these lewd performances increased during the diplomatic ceremonies. However, for the reason of ancient traditions in China, the Chinese diplomatic mission would avoid the ladies' performances. The Choson court understood this situation, but could not help stopping this showy and unrespectful dancing. That is the reason why China avoided these performances but for the Japanese missions they were useful.15世紀の朝鮮王朝は、明、日本、野人(女真族)に対して、外交儀式をおこなった。それは儒学的な立場に沿ったもので、その礼楽は歌舞からなっていた。儀式後の宴において、女性達による歌舞も催された。成宗代には、これらの儒教社会の礼に抵触するような歌舞が、外交儀式の場にも用いられる傾向が強まり、明使節は故事を理由に女楽を忌む。朝鮮王朝は明側の事情を理解しつつも、派手な演出の歌舞をやめる事はできず、日本からの通交者たちには、この歌舞をもって接待した。