著者

山本 章加 大蔵 雅夫 重本 津多子

出版者

徳島文理大学

雑誌

徳島文理大学研究紀要 (ISSN:02869829)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, pp.85-91, 2012-09

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In Japan, a lot of people used to be prejudiced against gay men, lesbians or bisexuals despite the fact that "homosexuality" as a category was eliminated from diagnostic criteria. Still, there is little investigation into the relations between individual's personality, his/her images and the attitudes toward homosexuals. A total of 164 heterosexual students of health and welfare (94 men and 70 women) with a mean age of 20.0 (SD=2.3) years participated in the questionnaire survey. They were asked to complete the Index of Attitudes toward Homosexuals (IAH), a 24-item questionnaire on the image of homosexuals using semantic differential method and a short form of Five Factor Personality Questionnaire as well as an inquiry about their history of encounters with homosexuals. Factor analysis of IAH resulted in three-factor solutions with factors identified as "avoidance of homosexual neighbors", "avoidance of contacts with homosexuals" and "avoidance of approach from homosexuals". Similarly, image questionnaire included two factors identified as "external image" and "internal image". Logistic regression analysis showed that "attachment" (OR=.93, 95%CI= .87-.99) was a predictor of positive "internal image", and that "encounters with homosexuals" (=yes, OR=.04, 95%CI: .01-.21) and personality traits such as "extroversion" (OR=1.15, 95%CI: 1.07-1.23), "emotionality" (OR=1.16, 95%CI: 1.09-1.25) and "playfulness" (OR=.87, 95%CI: .80-.95) were predictors of "avoidance of homosexual neighbors". Similarly, "avoidance of contacts withhomosexuals" was associated with "external image" (OR=2.00, 95%CI: 1.31-3.06) and "playfulness" (OR=.94, 95%CI: .88-.99), and "avoidance of approach from homosexuals" was associated with sex (=male, OR=9.54, 95%CI: 3.83-23.79) and "internal image" (OR=1.80, 95%CI: 1.04-3.14). These results indicate that personality traits weakly but significantly influence the development of image and attitude toward homosexuals among Japanese adolescents.

著者

伊丹 美紀 大蔵 雅夫

出版者

徳島文理大学

雑誌

徳島文理大学研究紀要 (ISSN:02869829)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, pp.93-101, 2014-09

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According to a Japanese language dictionary, "guchi" originated from Buddhism, and has the meaning of complaining about useless things. However, there are few psychological studies on guchi's images or its influences on human relationships. In study 1, participants were administered a 30-item questionnaire of guchi's image using semantic differential method either from speakers' or listeners' situation, then responses were subjected to factor analysis. Results showed that the factor structure of speakers' images of guchi was different from that of listeners' (two-factor vs. three-factor). In study 2, participants were asked to complete an image questionnaire, a 45-item guchi questionnaire and extrovert and attachment subscales of FFPQ-50. Factor analysis of the guchi questionnaire resulted in five-factor structure ("listeners' discomfort", "catharsis or distraction", "sense of sin or anxiety", "meaning", and "characteristics"). A series of logistic regression analyses revealed that guchi speakers finally obtained social supports through the past experiences of catharsis or distraction, feeling the sense of sin or anxiety. The extroverts expressed guchi more frequently, but felt negative images towards their own guchi because they did not aim at obtaining social supports from listeners. The participants with a strong attachment style were often chosen as a listener, because they felt sympathy with speakers and had sense of sin or anxiety towards guchi. Moreover, the positive and negative aspects of guchi were discussed as well as its role as a communication tool.

著者

和田津 美智代 大蔵 雅夫

出版者

徳島文理大学

雑誌

徳島文理大学研究紀要 (ISSN:02869829)

巻号頁・発行日

no.79, pp.41-49, 2010-03

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Palliative care is specialized health care for dying people which aims to maximize thequality of life and assist families and carers during and after the death. For the last decade,music therapy (MT) has been adopted as one of the holistic therapies in a palliative caresetting.The first author of the present study had practiced bedside MT for a total of 39patients in a palliative care ward of a private hospital for ten months. Most of themreported a decrease of physical pain by the intervention of MT. As the the sessions wererepeated, some became increasingly active so that they could request more songs or sing bythemselves. The others reported that MT caused a healing effect and facilitated emotionalexpression. We discussed the role of music therapist in palliative care through fourimpressive patients at the end of life.First of all, music therapists should have some medical knowledge about psychologicalor physical conditions in patients facing the end of life. Moreover, they should promotetheir performance skills of an instrument in order to effectively assist patients withdifferent needs, as well as communication skills to establish favourable relationships withpatients, their family or co-medical staff.