著者

宮良 信詳 新川 智清

出版者

日本言語学会

雑誌

言語研究 (ISSN:00243914)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1994, no.105, pp.1-31, 1994-03-15 (Released:2007-10-23)

参考文献数

13

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This paper presents a view of the phoneme /i/, which has never been discussed in the vowel system of the dialects of the main island of Okinawa. The phoneme /i/ has [+ back, + high, -labial] as its main distinctive features, but phonetically is realized as [ i ] (front high vowel) ; hence, it is necessary to posit a rule of changing /i/ into [ i ]. However, the postulation of /i/ brings about a great simplification in the phonological system.The postulation of /i/ provides a principled basis for the contrast of [waki] 'reason' and [wat_??_i] ‘armpit’, or [tii] ‘hand’ and [t_??_ii] 'blood', where palatalization applies not to /waki/ or /ti/, but to /waki/ or /ti/. The addition of /yi/ to the distribution of /y/ and subsequent vowels in the Yonabaru dialect does not change such a restriction-effective in Standard Japanese as well-that /y/ occurs only with [+back] vowels. Rather, the establishment of yi makes it possible to give a simpler account of the alternation of -yi and -yu in the non-past morpheme /yu/, sinceyi need not be derived directly from /yu/. In addition, only when [_??_ikiN] 'the world' is derived from /syikin/ does the presence of /i/ give an account of why, as in [_??_it_??_a] ‘down’ being derived from /sita/, the expected progressive palatalization is not applied to /k/. The incorporation of /i/ into the phonological system provides a means of making a phonological distinction between homophonous words; /kwi/ ‘voice’ and /kwi/ ‘stake’ derive the same phonetic form [kwii] through the application ofThe postulation of /i/ brings about a typological simplification in that Ryukyuan dialects typically have a 6-vowel system, and also contributes to the comparison of correspondences between phonological systems of related dialects.

著者

宮良 信詳

出版者

The Linguistic Society of Japan

雑誌

言語研究 (ISSN:00243914)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2002, no.122, pp.79-113, 2002-09-25 (Released:2007-10-23)

参考文献数

17

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In the present investigation, it is claimed that, in the group of dialects spoken in the central and southern parts of the Okinawan mainisland, there is a position of modality signaled by inflectional forms of verbs. The modality involves the notion of certainty, and occupies its own morphological position in the ordering of Verb Root (+ Aspect [durative]) (+Negative) (+Style [{honorific, polite}]) (+Modal) (+Tense)+Mood. Modal distinctions are made by the morpheme /+yi/ ‘to be certain, ’ conveying information about a past, event directly acquired through observation, and the other /+tee/‘to be less certain, ’conveying information about the preceding event inferred from observation at the time of the utterance. In the case of the absence of such distinctions, information about the past is taken to be through hearsay. As expected, the two modal forms neither co-occur with the first person subject in the declarative sentence nor with the second person subject in the interrogative, because neither the speaker nor the hearer can observe his/her own act. It is shown that the modal form /+yi/ neither co-occurs with the non-past tense nor with the negative, because only the past event can be subjectively observed and the negated event itself cannot be observed. However, it is argued that, if the speaker's act is in his/her dream or in the subjunctive world, it can be the object of direct observation.

著者

宮良 信詳

出版者

学術雑誌目次速報データベース由来

雑誌

言語研究 (ISSN:00243914)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.110, pp.79-119, 1996

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In this paper, a set of three extremely simple wordformation rules, dealing with compounding, prefixation, and suffixation, are proposed and related to Rendaku(R)-voicing in the Shuri dialect, which has been used as the Standard Ryukyuan dialect since the prosperous age of the Ryukyuan Dynasty.It is argued that structures derived by these wordformation rules are effective not only in the account of ambiguous interpretations of some morphologically complex words, but also in the specification of a structural constraint on R-voicing in the case of complex words in the Shuri dialect.In the present analysis, R-voicing is directly applied to word structures derived by the proposed rules:they replace the Right Branch Condition'proposed by Otsu(1980)on R-voicing in Standard Japanese, or the cyclic rule-application of R-voicing presented in Ito&Mester(1986).The proposed analysis renders unnecessary the specification of boundary symbols in the phonological representation.