著者

山下 悠 田口 了麻

出版者

滋賀大学経済学部

雑誌

滋賀大学経済学部研究年報 (ISSN:13411608)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.41-57, 2013

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The objective of this paper is to look at how commercial facilities including franchise chainsand shopping centers turn into a fast-food-like landscape, a concept proposed by Atsushi Miura, and to examine whether it applies to tourist cities that attach great importance to landscape. First, franchise chains, shopping centers and fast-food-like landscape will be discussed in detail, followed by Miura's argument. Then, our findings will be compared to the current situation of Kyoto City. In this paper, two new aspects of a fast-food-like landscape that have not been examined in the academic world will be presented. One is its process and adverse consequences on commercial facilities such as franchise chains and shopping centers. The other is a possibility that land use, commercial facilities and their external appearance as a means of outdoor advertising may lose their functional diversity and change into a fast-food-like landscape from a legal perspective. Furthermore, we chose Kyoto City as a model of a tourist city and analyzed its ordinances.The analysis revealed that the city has been working effectively to prevent the creation of a fast-food-like landscape and the resulting destruction of the city's historic ambience. Italso found that commercial facilities in tourist cities will unlikely turn into a fast-food-likelandscape and that outdoor advertising on those buildings will hardly ever result in a fastfood-like landscape as long as proper regulations are adopted, even though we cannot keep the functions of tourist cities from becoming similar and alike because in essence they are just like any other city.

著者

山下 悠貴乃

出版者

筑波大学人文社会科学研究科 国際地域研究専攻

雑誌

筑波大学地域研究 = Area studies Tsukuba (ISSN:09121412)

巻号頁・発行日

no.38, pp.127-138, 2017-03-31

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'Toka' is a method originally used to show examples in the form '~toka~toka' to connect nouns and predicates in parallel. However, 'toka' is used in a different way to express one element showing either ambiguity or emphasis. Previous research on the use of 'toka' in interpersonal communications consideration in the ambiguous way have been conducted but there have not been adequate research regarding its use as an emphasis method in interpersonal communications. This research, as a research in expressions of consideration aims to study how has the word 'toka' come to acquire this method of usage in interpersonal communications. We used corpora of materials we collected and extracted 8 examples on the usage of “toka” and its functions in interpersonal communications in regard to both the speaker and the listener. After classifying the usage of 'toka', we analyzed its functions in interpersonal communications based on the origins of the expression of consideration.The result of the analysis has allowed us to understand the characteristics on how the mechanisms of 'toka' work in interpersonal communications. As for the ambiguity method, this method occurs in the volition of the listener and it is used as a word to have the listener carry out a certain action, so that it works as an expression method which fulfills the fact of 'say something to place the burden on the listener' which is the origin of expression of consideration. In contrast, the emphasis method is rather dependent on the context. It is used as a verbal behavior for some kind of evaluation/ Moreover, it works as an expression of consideration.