3 0 0 0 IR 1979年岡山県下における蚊の出現状態と 日本脳炎発生状況について
- 著者
- 稲臣 成一 板野 一男 村主 節雄 頓宮 廉正 安治 敏樹 原田 正和 頼 俊雄 何 黎星 山本 友子
- 出版者
- 岡山医学会
- 雑誌
- 岡山医学会雑誌 (ISSN:00301558)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.93, no.1, pp.29-43, 1981-02-28
県下9ヶ所の定点において,light-trapによる蚊の終夜採集を,4月より9月迄行った。1. 本年の平均気温が平年より上回ったのは6月に入ってからで,4月の降雨量は,平年より少なく,県南では,平年の50%以下であった。6月6日梅雨入りし,7月25日に明けた。8月に台風11号,9月に台風12号,16号が岡山附近を通った。本年の平均気温が,本格的に25℃を越えたのは,7月19日~8月28日の40日間で,昨年より20日間も短くなっている。2. アカイエカの採集総数が,昨年より増えたのは,岡山(保)で1.5倍,瀬戸で1.3倍,成羽で1.6倍,津山で3.4倍であった。一方倉敷,新見では,1/2に減少している。3. コガタイエカの採集総数が,昨年より増えたのは,笠岡で3.5倍,瀬戸で2.9倍,成羽で1.3倍,新見で5倍であった。一方減ったのは,倉敷で1/1.1,岡山(保)で1/1.6に減少している。4. シナハマダラカの採集総数が昨年より減ったのは,倉敷で1/2,瀬戸で1/1.5に,減少した。また岡山(保)では,雌3羽,雄3羽と少なく,西大寺保健所では,雌1羽だけで,岡大・医学部構内では,全然採集されなかった。5. 本年は新たに,岡山市西大寺保健所が定点に加えられ,一方岡大・医学部構内でも採集を行ったが,高い塀で囲まれている関係で,採集数も少なかった。6. 本年の採集蚊数で,アカイエカ,コガタイエカ,シナハマダラカ共に,昨年より増えたのは,笠岡,成羽,津山で共に昨年より減ったのは,倉敷のみであった。瀬戸では,アカイエカ,コガタイエカの増加がみられた。7. 本年は,日本脳炎患者の発生は,疑似患者のみで真性患者の発生は見られなかった。Mosquito collections were done at nine spots in Okayama Prefecture twice a week from April till September in 1979. The day-light type light-trap was used for the mosquito collection and the trap was set all night long. 1. The mean temperature of the day became higher than the average one after June and was higher than 25℃ for 40 days from July 19 till August 28. The term was 20 days shorter than that of last year. The rainly season lasted from June 6 till July 25. Typhoon No. 11passed bv Okayama Prefecture in August and No.12 & No. 16 in September. 2. The numbers of collected Culex pipiens pallens were more than those of last year at Okayama (1.5 times). Seto (1.3 times). Nariwa (1.6 times) and Tsuyama (3.4 times) respectively. While the numbers decreased at Kurashiki and Niimi (1/2 time). 3. The numbers of collected Culex tritaeniorhynchus increased comparing to those of last year at Kasaoka (3.5 times). Seto (2.9 times), Nariwa (1.3 times) and Niimi (5 times). While they decreased at Kurashiki (1/1.1 time) and Okayama (1/1.6 time). 4. In Anopheles sinensis the collected numbers decreased comparing to those of last year at Kurashiki (1/2 time) and Seto (1/1.5 time). Only three femal and three male mosquitoes were caught at Okayama, one female at Saidaiji, and no Anopheles sinensis was caught at the compus of Okayama University Medical School. 5. The numbers of collected mosquitoes were very few at Saidaiji (where mosquito collection was started newly from 1979) and Okayama University Medical School. 6. The collected numbers in all Culex pipiens pallens. Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Anopheles sinensis increased at Kasaoka, Nariwa and Tsuyama. While the numbers in all these three species decreased at Kurashiki. At Seto the numbers of collected mosquitoes increased only in Culex pipiens pallens and Culex tritaeniorhynchus. 7. There was no human case of Japanese B encephalitis in 1979.
2 0 0 0 OA 病原細菌がマクロファージによる貪食と殺菌を回避する機構
- 著者
- 山本 友子
- 出版者
- 公益社団法人 日本薬学会
- 雑誌
- YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.126, no.12, pp.1235-1243, 2006 (Released:2006-12-01)
- 参考文献数
- 46
- 被引用文献数
- 4 4
Phagocytosis with macrophages provides a specialized mechanism for regulated ingestion and intracellular destruction of bacteria. Bacteria are first engulfed by endocytosis into a phagosome. The fusion of phagosomes and lysosomes releases toxic products that kill most bacteria and degrade them into fragments. Debris from dead bacteria is then released by exocytosis. However, some bacteria that survive within host phagocytes have evolved strategies to escape the bactericidal mechanisms associated with phagocytosis: i) antiphagocytosis (Yersinia), ii) escaping from the phagosome into cytoplasm (Listeria), and iii) remodeling their phagosome by inhibiting the maturation of phagosomes (Salmonella, Mycobacterium, Legionella). In this review, I first summarize various strategies by bacteria to avoid phagocytosis by emphasizing the steps that have been subverted by bacteria. Then, I highlight the mechanisms for surviving phagocytosis by Salmonella, with a focus on the induction of macrophage-apoptosis and modulation of membrane traffic in host cells.
