著者

橋本 庸平 種田 憲次 木村 武 水平 敏知 朝比奈 菊雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.7, pp.465-471, 1974-07-15 (Released:2018-08-26)

著者

小茂田 昌代

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.141, no.7, pp.887-909, 2021-07-01 (Released:2021-07-01)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

1

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The difficult experience of treating scabies in an elderly hospital reaffirmed my determination and responsibilities as a pharmacist. In 2000, there was no effective treatment for scabies in Japan. With the Japan Pharmaceutical Association as well as the Japanese Dermatological Association, the indication of ivermectin which is the intestinal fecal nematode was expanded for scabies. Since it was found that the administration of ivermectin through a tube to patients who could not take it orally had a dose loss of 50% depending on the injection method, an appropriate administration method was proposed. However, the oral administration of ivermectin has side effects including systemic liver damage, and external preparations require labor for systemic application, and recurrence from unapplied areas is also a problem. Therefore, we devised a whole-body bathing, in which patients are immersed in a fluid that contains ivermectin. The repeated ivermectin bathing three times a week cured scabies and has no problematic side effects in the clinical trial, suggesting that this method is a safer treatment. Next, in Okinawa, phenothrin-resistant head lice infestation was prevalent, and no medical drug for this infestation is available in Japan yet. Hence, to address this situation, we conducted a clinical trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of a combination regimen of 5% topical phenothrin and the unapproved 0.5% topical ivermectin. Consequently, 92% and 100% effectiveness were obtained in Okinawa and Tsukuba, respectively. As a result, we were able to conduct research aimed to maximize the safety and effectiveness of ivermectin in Japan.

著者

鹿村 恵明 真野 泰成 小茂田 昌代 根岸 健一 佐藤 嗣道 宮崎 智

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.136, no.9, pp.1263-1273, 2016 (Released:2016-09-01)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

17 10

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This nationwide survey aimed to evaluate reduction of drug and medical costs due to prevention of serious adverse drug reactions through pharmaceutical inquires by community pharmacist, and investigate relation with iyaku bungyo (separation of dispensing from medical practice) rates. Using the national list of pharmacies, 10% of pharmacies were randomly selected by prefecture and asked to participate in an Internet-based survey. The survey period was 7 days, from July 21 to July 27, 2015. Of the 5575 pharmacies queried, 818 responded to the survey (response rate: 14.7%). The proportion of inquiries to total prescriptions was 2.6%. Among these, the proportion of prescriptions changed in response to inquiry was 74.9%. An estimated 103 million yen was saved by reducing drug costs, and 133 million yen was saved by reducing medical costs due to prevention of serious adverse drug reactions. Comparison of prescription change rates between pharmacies with high and low iyaku bungyo rates indicated that the proportion of prescriptions changed was significantly higher in pharmacies with high iyaku bungyo rates than in those with low iyaku bungyo rates (78.2% vs. 69.9%, p<0.01). The findings suggest that inquiries about prescriptions are useful in ensuring the safety of pharmacotherapy and reducing the cost of healthcare. They also suggest that iyaku bungyo promotes prescription changes through inquiries, leading to proper use of pharmaceutical products.

著者

東田 道久

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.12, pp.1113-1115, 2015 (Released:2018-08-26)

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北陸新幹線が開通し,関東から北陸へのアクセスが大変便利になった.東京から富山までは約2時間,名古屋と変わらない時間での往来が可能である.江戸の昔,越中富山藩は,加賀藩の負債も背負って独立,当初は経済的に恵まれない状況におかれていた.その状況を打開するために考え出された産業が「くすり」であった.くすりは命にかかわるため付加価値も極めて高く,また軽くて運びやすいため,遠方でも物流が容易である.江戸城内での販売促進キャンペーンを経て,売薬ネットワークも確立させ,越中・富山の産業として発展,今日まで続く「くすりの富山」ブランドの看板と独占的販売権 (懸場帳:かけばちょう) を築き上げてきた.本グラビアでは,今も富山の産業に深く根ざしている「くすり産業」の原点とも言えそうな昔ながらの趣を残す各地や博物館を訪ね,その歴史と,先人たちの熱意と情熱に思いを馳せる.(各施設等の説明文の後に,詳細情報をウェブより入手する際の検索ワードを記載した)

著者

山本 輝太郎 石川 幹人

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.11, pp.1024-1028, 2019 (Released:2019-11-01)

参考文献数

21

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ワクチン有害説とは,「ワクチン接種はヒトにとって有害である」という基本的な考えのもと,社会および個人に対してワクチン接種の危険性を訴える主張の総称である.本稿の目的はワクチン有害説の科学性を評価することにある.科学哲学・科学社会学の知見から案出した「科学性評定の10条件」に基づくと,ワクチン有害説は理論の適応範囲に大きな問題を抱えており,データの面からもこれを支持できる有力な根拠はなく,典型的な疑似科学的言説である.科学性評定の10条件の理解把握によってこうした評価が可能である.

著者

佐藤 芳樹 菅谷 なえ子 中川 友夫 森田 昌敏

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.135, no.4, pp.631-642, 2015-04-01 (Released:2015-04-01)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

1 3

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We established an analytical method for the detection of seven phthalates, dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate (DEP), benzyl butyl phthalate, di-i-butyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate (DBP), diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), and di-n-octhyl phthalate, using an ultra high performance liquid chromatograph equipped with a photodiode array detector. This method is quick, with minimal contamination, and was applied to the analysis of aromatic and deodorant aerosol products. Phthalates were detected in 15 of 52 samples purchased from 1999 to 2012 in Yokohama. Three types of phthalate (DEP, DBP, DEHP) were detected, and their concentrations ranged from 0.0085-0.23% DEP in nine samples, 0.012-0.045% DBP in four samples, and 0.012-0.033% DEHP in four samples. No other phthalate esters were detected. Furthermore, we estimated phthalate exposure via breathing in commonly used aromatic and deodorant aerosol products, then evaluated the associated risk. The estimated levels of phthalate exposure were lower than the tolerated daily limit, but the results indicated that aromatic and deodorant aerosol products could be a significant source of phthalate exposure.

著者

廣瀬 正幸 平川 昭彦 丹羽 若菜 東口 貴彦 田島 康介 加藤 貴大 山田 成樹

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.141, no.12, pp.1389-1392, 2021-12-01 (Released:2021-12-01)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

4

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We discuss the current status of, and possible countermeasures for, acute drug poisoning among adolescents using OTC drugs. In the last 10 years, 36 patients aged <20 years who overdosed on OTC drugs were examined for the type of drug ingested, its active ingredients in cases of lethal dose intake, and the relevant place of purchase. Patients aged <20 years accounted for 30% of all the cases. The ingestion of multi-ingredient common-cold medication was the highest at 23%, and no ingestion of any first-class OTC drugs was observed. Caffeine accounted for 54% of the cases of lethal dose intake. At 80%, the most common method of drug purchase was from drugstores and other OTC vendors. In recent years, the number of adolescents patients who take lethal doses of OTC drugs has been increasing, and new measures are needed to avoid such cases. School pharmacists and vendors play a major role in reducing the incidences of drug poisoning. As drugs can be easily purchased over the counter, increasing the vendors' awareness of the problem throughout society may be the quickest way to reduce the incidences of acute drug poisoning among adolescents.

著者

三谷 幸之介

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.2, pp.150_1, 2018 (Released:2018-02-01)

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CRISPRなどの人工制限酵素が,本来の標的DNA配列以外の類似配列を認識して切断することによって生じるDNA変異のこと.それによって予期せぬ遺伝子に変異が入り,基礎研究では得られるデータに影響が出る可能性が,また臨床応用では細胞のがん化などに結びつく危険性が問題とされている.通常,オフターゲット部位は,対象生物のゲノム上で標的DNA配列と3〜4塩基のミスマッチを持つ配列をコンピューターで同定するが,実際に細胞内で生じる部位を反映していないとの報告もある.ゲノム編集を行った細胞でこれらのオフターゲット変異部位について集中的にシークエンシングして,変異が入っている頻度を決定する.

著者

瓦 比呂子 徳山 洋子 清水 義博

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.130, no.4, pp.577-581, 2010-04-01 (Released:2010-04-01)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

2 1

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In January 2007, Daini Okamoto General Hospital introduced a new system in which pharmacists, together with physicians and nurses, address patients with cardiopulmonary arrest on arrival and inpatients with de novo cardiopulmonary arrest. Over the past 2 years since the introduction of the system, the role of pharmacists in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) at the hospital has become increasingly established. Pharmacists prepare drugs for CPR, measure intervals during drug administration, and check the heart rhythm, produce records, pass drugs to physicians and nurses, and serve as CPR staff. CPR involves a large number of processes, and requires rapid responses. The participation of pharmacists in time management and drug administration, playing specific roles, has promoted role-sharing among physicians, nurses, and pharmacists, as well as the establishment of a “resuscitation team” in the hospital. Emergency medicine is in a difficult situation. We believe that our efforts have helped pharmacists contribute to emergency care and provide high-quality CPR.

著者

徳田 栄一 Stefan L. Marklund 古川 良明

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.139, no.7, pp.1015-1019, 2019-07-01 (Released:2019-07-01)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

2 2

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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a lethal neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by the loss of motor neurons, which results in progressive muscle atrophy. The pathology spreads from the initial site of onset to contiguous anatomic regions. Mutations in the gene encoding Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) have been identified in a dominantly inherited form of ALS (ALS-SOD1). A major hallmark of ALS-SOD1 is the abnormal accumulation of conformationally aberrant SOD1 protein (i.e., misfolded SOD1) within motor neurons. Emerging experimental evidence has suggested that misfolded proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases exhibit prion-like properties, i.e., misfolded proteins act as conformational templates that convert normal proteins into a pathogenic form. Possibly as a result of this prion-like self-propagation property, misfolded forms of pathological proteins are considered to accumulate in the central nervous system and cause neurodegeneration. In this article, we review recent evidence for the role of prion-like mechanisms in ALS-SOD1. In particular, we discuss the propensity of misfolded SOD1 to act as a pathological seed, spread between cells, and propagate neuroanatomically.

著者

眞部 遥香 野澤 茜 松元 美香 大谷 道輝

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.137, no.6, pp.763-766, 2017-06-01 (Released:2017-06-01)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1

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Steroid ointments are frequently mixed with moisturizer. It was reported that steroid ointments mixed with moisturizer increase permeability. There are only few studies done on the permeability of the moisturizer. We researched moisturizing effect of heparinoid ointment (Hirudoid Soft ointment) diluted with white petrolatum (Propeto) on the dry skin models by measuring water content of stratum. Two to four fold dilution of Hirudoid to white petrolatum resulted in a significant decrease in the moisturizing effect of the active ingredient. There was no significant difference in moisturizing effect between four times diluted mixture and white petrolatum alone. This leads to the conclusion that steroid ointment mixture with moisturizer is frequently used, but we should take more caution regarding the decrease of moisturizing effect.

著者

馬場 安里 伊藤 麻結 若林 和貴 矢野 瑞紀 高砂 美和子 岡田 直人 北原 隆志

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.143, no.12, pp.1069-1073, 2023-12-01 (Released:2023-12-01)

参考文献数

8

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A consistent and uninterrupted supply of pharmaceuticals is essential for optimal pharmacotherapy. However, some cases of supply disruptions and recalls have been reported. In particular, the withdrawal of some drugs from the market was occurred in recent year. Nevertheless, the characteristics of these drugs were unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the ratio of generic drugs and the profile of generic drugs that have been withdrawn from the market. Data were collected from a drug information database for the period between April 2017 and March 2022 and analyzed for characteristics, such as price, number of suppliers, and reasons for withdrawal. The results showed a 1.4-fold increase in the number of drugs discontinued in 2021 compared with that in 2017, with 78.6% of the drugs discontinued being generic drugs. The proportion of discontinued generic drugs costing less than 10 yen (29.2%) was higher than those remaining on the market (15.0%). Additionally, the proportion of withdrawn generic drugs sold by four or more suppliers (67.6%) was higher than those that remained in the market (38.4%). In most cases (78.8%), the reasons for the discontinuation of these generic drugs were not disclosed. This study showed that most drugs withdrawn in Japan during the study period were generic drugs, characterized by low prices or many suppliers. Our study contributes to the understanding of the instability in the pharmaceutical supply chain in Japan.

著者

手島 玲子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.134, no.1, pp.33-38, 2014-01-01 (Released:2014-01-01)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

3 6

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In Japan, two patients who had been primary sensitized to hydrolyzed wheat protein (HWP) present in facial soap and subsequently experienced wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA) after the ingestion of normal wheat products were reported in 2009 as first cases. Since that report, more than 1900 patients with such an allergy have been reported (through June 20, 2013) from various institutes all around Japan. Importantly, the majority of the patients used the same facial soap (Cha no Shizuku®) containing acid-hydrolyzed wheat protein (acid-HWP). The commercial acid-HWP contained in the facial soap (Glupearl 19S®, average molecular weight of 30-50 kDa) was produced from gluten after partial hydrolysis with hydrogen chloride at 95℃ for 40 minutes. In this presentation, I would like to summarize the mechanism of the induction of immediate hypersensitivity by HWP which has been reported by us and other European groups.

著者

吉村 勇哉 藤﨑 孝輔 山本 武範 篠原 康雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.137, no.5, pp.581-587, 2017-05-01 (Released:2017-05-01)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

3 7

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Magnesium oxide (MgO) tablets are widely used as laxatives in patients with constipation. Recently, the “Revision of Precautions on the Use of Magnesium Oxide” has been issued by the Japanese Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, warning against the risk of hypermagnesemia with the use of MgO. However, the majority of physicians continue to administer MgO for constipation without adequately considering its safe use. In the present study, we performed two analyses using an identical lot of MgO tablets and evaluated the risk of hypermagnesemia. Approximately 90% of the MgO tablets dissolved within 120 min in dissolution testing; it was believed to form an absorbable state for magnesium. With orally administered MgO, 15% is absorbed in the body and 85% is excreted via the feces without being detected in pharmacokinetic analysis. Magnesium absorbed into the plasma demonstrated peak concentration 3 h after administration and was excreted via the urine within 48 h.

著者

清水 太郎 異島 優 石田 竜弘

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.140, no.2, pp.163-169, 2020-02-01 (Released:2020-02-01)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

2 6

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Modification of proteins with polyethylene glycol (PEG) (PEGylation) is a gold standard technique that improves the solubility, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity of modified proteins. To date more than 10 PEGylated protein formulations have been approved, and more than 20 PEGylated drugs are entering clinical trials. PEG has been considered non-immunogenic and non-toxic, but several studies have shown that PEG acquires immunogenicity following attachment to nanoparticles. The administration of PEGylated liposomes, micelles and proteins induces the production of antibodies against PEG (anti-PEG antibodies) in animals and human subjects. Indeed, approximately 20% of healthy human subjects possess pre-existing anti-PEG antibodies prior to treatment with PEGylated therapeutics. The induced and pre-existing anti-PEG antibodies cause not only the elimination of PEGylated proteins from blood circulation, but also allergic responses via the release of anaphylatoxins. Consequently, therapeutic outcomes for PEGylated proteins are impaired. The utility of PEGylated proteins could be improved by attenuating the PEG-related immune response. On the other hand, anti-PEG immune responses might be exploited for vaccine applications. Our recent studies demonstrated that anti-PEG antibodies mediate the delivery of antigens encapsulated in PEGylated liposomes, and enhance antigen-specific immune responses. In this review, we summarize anti-PEG antibody induction by PEGylated proteins and alterations in anti-PEG IgM-mediated pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. These findings extend our knowledge of PEG-related immune responses.

著者

橋本 寿夫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.9, pp.837-839, 2016 (Released:2016-09-02)

参考文献数

1

被引用文献数

2

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鹿沼市は麻の生産量日本一の産地。優れた品質の「野州麻」を古くから全国各地に出荷してきた。しかし代替繊維の台頭などにより栽培面積は激減。幻覚成分が含まれる麻の盗難も相次ぎ野州麻が存続の危機に。そうした中、栃木県農業試験場が無毒麻「とちぎしろ」の生育に成功。現在も無毒性維持のための栽培を続けている。後継者不足から産地としての存続が危ぶまれているが、最近、麻の栽培技術継承の動きや付加価値を付けての商品化などの取り組みも生まれてきている。

著者

児島 悠史

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.8, pp.753-757, 2023 (Released:2023-08-01)

参考文献数

10

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2022年7~9月にTOKYO MXや関西テレビを中心に放送されたテレビアニメ「異世界薬局(©高山理図/MFブックス/「異世界薬局」製作委員会)」では、リアルな医薬品の表現をどのように追及したか、物語の舞台背景に合わせてどのように薬を選んだか、コロナ禍の中でどういった点に注意して監修を行ったかなど、本作品の魅力と反響をもとに、薬学監修として関わった薬剤師の立場からいくつかその舞台裏を紹介する。

著者

青島 周一 桑原 秀徳 山本 雅洋

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.10, pp.948-950, 2016 (Released:2016-10-01)

参考文献数

5

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前景疑問に対する問題解決に、Evidence-based Medicine(EBM)の実践は必要不可欠である。しかしながら我が国では、EBMに対する薬剤師の認知度は高いとは言えない。「薬剤師のジャーナルクラブ」は論文抄読会をインターネット上で開催することで、EBM学習の場を提供する取り組みである。取り組み当初より、視聴者数は徐々に増え、現在ではコメント投稿機能を用いた活発な議論が展開されている。論文から深い考察や新鮮な驚きを得たことを示唆するコメントも多く、当取り組みは、EBM学習の場を提供するという点において、一定の役割を果たせるものと思われる。

著者

水川 葉月 池中 良徳 筧 麻友 中山 翔太 石塚 真由美

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.137, no.3, pp.257-263, 2017 (Released:2017-03-01)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

3

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The ability to metabolize xenobiotics in organisms has a wide degree of variation among organisms. This is caused by differences in the pattern of xenobiotic bioaccumulation among organisms, which affects their tolerance. It has been reported in the veterinary field that glucuronidation (UGT) activity in cats, acetylation activity in dogs and sulfation (SULT) activity in pigs are sub-vital in these species, respectively, and require close attention when prescribing the medicine. On the other hand, information about species differences in xenobiotics metabolism remains insufficient, especially in non-experimental animals. In the present study, we tried to elucidate xenobiotic metabolism ability, especially in phase II UGT conjugation of various non-experimental animals, by using newly constructed in vivo, in vitro and genomic techniques. The results indicated that marine mammals (Steller sea lion, northern fur seal, and Caspian seal) showed UGT activity as low as that in cats, which was significantly lower than in rats and dogs. Furthermore, UGT1A6 pseudogenes were found in the Steller sea lion and Northern fur seal; all Otariidae species are thought to have the UGT1A6 pseudogene as well. Environmental pollutants and drugs conjugated by UGT are increasing dramatically in the modern world, and their dispersal into the environment can be of great consequence to Carnivora species, whose low xenobiotic glucuronidation capacity makes them highly sensitive to these compounds.

著者

田村 恵理 岸本 桂子 福島 紀子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.133, no.6, pp.737-745, 2013 (Released:2013-06-01)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

2 5 1

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This study sought to determine the effect of pharmacists wearing a mask on the consultation intention of patients who do not have a trusting relationship with the pharmacists. We conducted a questionnaire survey of customers at a Tokyo drugstore in August 2012. Subjects answered a questionnaire after watching two medical teaching videos, one in which the pharmacist was wearing a mask and the other in which the pharmacist was not wearing a mask. Data analysis was performed using a paired t-test and multiple logistic regression. The paired t-test revealed a significant difference in ‘Maintenance Problem’ between the two pharmacist situations. After excluding factors not associated with wearing a mask, multiple logistic regression analysis identified three independent variables with a significant effect on participants not wanting to consult with a pharmacist wearing a mask. Positive factors were ‘active-inactive’ and ‘frequency mask use’, a negative factor was ‘age’. Our study has shown that pharmacists wearing a mask may be a factor that prevents patients from consulting with pharmacist. Those patients whose intention to consult might be affected by the pharmacists wearing a mask tended to be younger, to have no habit of wearing masks preventively themselves, and to form a negative opinion of such pharmacists. Therefore, it was estimated that pharmacists who wear masks need to provide medical education by asking questions more positively than when they do not wear a mask in order to prevent the patient worrying about oneself.