著者

山村 滋

出版者

一般社団法人 日本教育学会

雑誌

教育学研究 (ISSN:03873161)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.2, pp.157-170, 2010-06-30 (Released:2017-11-28)

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本稿は、高大接続の問題点に、2つのアプローチにより迫り、それを踏まえて改善のための基本的構想を提示したものである。大学入試と高校教育の多様化は、高校教育の学力的・学習内容的拡散、受験シフトをもたらした。また、高校までに身についた技能と大学で必要な技能の分析の結果、「パフォーマンスにもとづく評価」が適する技能・能力が、大学での勉学のために必要なことが明らかになった。したがって、大学で必要な技能を含む学力・能力の形成にも資する高校教育課程を前提として、受験シフトを防ぐように工夫された、高校での成績の評価に基づく大学入学システムが必要なのである。

著者

山村 滋

出版者

日英教育学会

雑誌

日英教育研究フォーラム (ISSN:13431102)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, pp.31, 2022 (Released:2022-11-05)

参考文献数

6

著者

佐藤 智美 山村 滋

出版者

大学入試センター

雑誌

研究紀要 = Research bulletin (ISSN:02871033)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, pp.1-27, 2017-03

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Children growing up in poverty have become a social issue worldwide and need to be helped on many levels. Research results have shown that children from disadvantaged background are at risk of ending up poor compared with children from affl uent background. A society would suffer a huge loss without any improvement in child poverty. Pathways to Education Program was developed to support disadvantaged students in Regent Park in Ontario, Canada in 2001. The program was created by the effort of Regent Park Community Health Centre to combat the low educational attainment of the youth in the community at the time. It is intended to help students from low-income families complete secondary education and go on to postsecondary education through four types of support: academic, social, financial and advocacy supports. The program largely depends on the commitments of many volunteers in the community as well as dedicated staff, who work closely with local schools and school district boards. The effectiveness of the program was revealed in a short period of time, and the program generated a wide public attention. The dropout rates in the community declined greatly and the proportion of students who moved on to post-secondary institutions increased significantly. The program has started expanding to other low-income communities across Canada. As of 2016, this integrated community-based program is delivered in 18 sites. Lately, due to the increase in reports and research on impoverished children, the Japanese society has begun to recognize reality of children living in poverty. The findings show that not only supporting disadvantaged students to enter a high school, but also preventing them from dropping out is important to eliminate individual and societal costs in the future. It has also been found that student's positive relationships with dedicated adults are effective for students to build self-esteem and confi dence, and then contribute to make their positive attitude towards school. Pathways Program and its effectiveness suggest us that community based efforts like Pathways Program with multi-faced supports help disadvantaged students expand their opportunities to pursue a brighter future.