著者

山脇 大

出版者

ユーラシア研究所

雑誌

ロシア・ユーラシアの社会 (ISSN:24353191)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2022, no.1060, pp.30-43, 2022 (Released:2023-10-09)

著者

サルキソフ K. O.[著] パノフ A. N.[著] 山脇 大[訳] 安野 正士[訳] K.O. SARKISOV A.N. PANOV 元法政大学法学部 モスクワ国立国際関係大学国際関係学部

出版者

京都産業大学世界問題研究所

雑誌

京都産業大学世界問題研究所紀要 = The bulletin of the Institute for World Affairs, Kyoto Sangyo University (ISSN:03885410)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, pp.51-64, 2016-03

著者

山脇 大

出版者

ロシア・東欧学会

雑誌

ロシア・東欧研究 (ISSN:13486497)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2020, no.49, pp.126-143, 2020 (Released:2021-06-12)

参考文献数

41

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Climate change has been recognised as an important policy issue that affects nature and socio-economic systems of all continents and oceans over the last few decades. In order to achieve the ambitious goal of ‘keeping a global temperature rise to less than 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels’ by the Paris Agreement agreed at COP 21 in 2015, formulation and implementation of climate change policies, especially mitigation ones to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have been recently advanced all over the world.Russia, as one of the largest energy-resource rich countries and GHG emitters, has been also in the process of modernisation towards a low-carbon society, especially after the occurrence of global financial crisis in 2008-2009. Under this circumstance, the formulation and implementation of climate change policies have recently begun in earnest in Russia through its signature on and ratification of the Paris Agreement effective in 2016. These policies in Russia, however, often end in failure.In this context, this present paper firstly clarifies the current situation of climate change and its causes such as GHG and air pollutants emissions in Russia, followed by the critical consideration of previous studies on this global thematic issue. By revisiting the formulation and implementation process of Russian climate change policies with a special focus on its multi-stakeholders, this paper tries to explain why these policies are not materialised in Russia, that is, factors influencing on its policy failure.Throughout a series of analysis, it becomes clear in this paper that Russian environmental administration has been weakened whilst the government spending with environmental purposes on a downward trend in Russia after starting market transition in the 1990s. This paper also derives that institutional arrangements in the governmental committees enable Russian oil and gas companies to do lobbying for reflecting their interests on relevant policies. Besides, it becomes unveiled that residents and civil society organisations (CSOs), as one of representative protesters demanding policy reforms through social movements, have an insignificant influence on climate change policies in the case of Russia.This paper then concludes that these factors are crucial propositions given to Russian climate change policies to materialise its transition towards a low-carbon society as well as big challenges to be overcome for its future sustainable growth.

著者

山脇 大

出版者

ロシア・東欧学会

雑誌

ロシア・東欧研究 (ISSN:13486497)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2014, no.43, pp.89-104, 2014 (Released:2016-09-09)

参考文献数

24

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Regulations on the flaring and utilisation of associated petroleum gas (APG) have been in place since the early 1980s. Their purpose is environmental conservation and the effective use of limited natural resources. The formation on international frameworks, such as the World Bank’s Global Gas Flaring Reduction, which was launched in the 2000s, and the raising of environmental awareness in emerging and developing countries have also decreased the amount of APG flaring around the world. In Russia, however, the situation on APG utilization and flaring is entirely different. Here, the utilisation of APG has not improved since the 1990s. Even now, Russia remains the world’s largest APG-flaring country. This means that it is now explicitly confronted with problems on APG flaring and utilisation, while it struggles to adapt to global environmental protection trends and to modernise its economy. President Putin regards this problem as one of Russia’s most urgent tasks. On the 26 April 2007, at the Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly, he ordered his government to design solutions to achieve a more than 95% effective APG-usage level (less than 5 % flaring). In addition, the 7th government decision was selected, a policy that can enforce a fine for flaring over 5% of all APG and also for the use of infrastructure in oil fields that does not meet standards of approval. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of this fine policy remains limited. This situation suggests that the APG-flaring-and-utilisation problem in Russia has its own specificity and that it should not only be analysed from the current situation, but from the perspective of the continuity or incoherence of the Soviet Union actors, policies and institutions surrounding it, during this country’s transition to a market economy. As mentioned above, the APG utilisation and flaring in Russia is one of the most urgent environmental and economic problems among this country’s hydrocarbon industries. This study attempts to give some explanation on this situation. First, it analyses long-term APG-utilisation trends in Russia. Then, actors, policies and institutions involved in Russia’s APG utilization and flaring are traced. Finally, through the above-mentioned analysis, this paper tries to explain the situation and factors of Russia currently being the largest flaring country. JEL classification codes: L71, P28, Q35, Q40

著者

サルキソフ K.O.[著] 山脇 大[訳] 池田 嘉郎[訳] K.O. SARKISOV 元法政大学法学部

出版者

京都産業大学世界問題研究所

雑誌

京都産業大学世界問題研究所紀要 = The bulletin of the Institute for World Affairs, Kyoto Sangyo University (ISSN:03885410)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, pp.83-103, 2016-03

著者

ストレリツォフ D.V. 山脇 大 モスクワ国立国際関係大学国際関係学部

出版者

京都産業大学世界問題研究所

雑誌

京都産業大学世界問題研究所紀要 = The bulletin of the Institute for World Affairs, Kyoto Sangyo University (ISSN:03885410)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, pp.105-117, 2016-03

著者

高橋 友美 大島 俊 山脇 大造

出版者

一般社団法人映像情報メディア学会

雑誌

映像情報メディア学会技術報告 (ISSN:13426893)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.45, pp.1-6, 2008-10-22

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1Gbps以上の高データレートが必要な次世代無線アプリケーションには,数100MS/s以上の高サンプルレートと有効分解能10b以上の高分解能を,低消費電力で実現するADCが求められている。このためのアプローチとして,デジタルキャリブレーション型ADCが注目を集めている。本報では,TDD方式の無線送受信機向けRF-ICへの搭載に適したフォアグランドキャリブレーション型ADCを提案する。マクロベースシミュレーションにより提案するキャリブレーション方式において,高い収束能力で高精度にA/D変換できることを実証したので報告する。