著者
岡田 泰介
出版者
高千穂大学高千穂学会
雑誌
高千穂論叢 = THE TAKACHIHO RONSO (ISSN:03887340)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.51, no.4, pp.41-66, 2017-02-25
著者
岡田 泰介
出版者
公益財団法人 史学会
雑誌
史学雑誌 (ISSN:00182478)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.107, no.8, pp.1411-1445,1557-, 1998

Throughout classical Greek History, most mercenary soldiers came from peripheral regions like Archadia, Aetolia and Crete. Few resources and too many mouths to feed have been often indicated as forming the background of working away from home. As a matter of fact, agricultural conditions in those regions cannot always be thought of as unfavorable in comparison with the rest of Greece. So, it is important to focus upon the social and economic conditions of these peripheral peoples to study the origins and development of mercenaries among them. This paper is a case study of Crete, which was a major source in the recruitment of mercenary forces in the armies of warring powers during Hellenistic times. In Hellenistic Crete, like Sparta, the ownership of landed estates had markedly changed in character. Polybios says in his time that citizens could have as much land as they were able to acquire. A logical conclusion is that on the one hand, landed estates became owned by fewer and fewer people, while on the other hand, more and more people lost what land they possessed. Serious discontent spread throughout the island among citizens deprived of land and young men trained from boyhood in athletic and military pursuits. In this same period, Cretan cities concluded many international treaties with the major political powers of the Hellenistic World, and as a result of these treaties, frequently dispatched "allied troops" overseas. In the guise of bilateral agreements these treaties principally aimed at ensuring stable supplies of mercenary troops for kings, cities, or leagues of cities. The evidence suggests that these Cretan mercenaries were normally those citizens who could still provide their own weaponry, but were suffering economically. These citizen・soliders went abroad almost exclusively under the control of the oligarchic rulers of cities. Negotiations for recruiting mercenaries were often controlled by the governments of individual Cretan cities themselves and recruiting campaigns on the island required their permission. This is the reason why, in Hellenistic Crete, a redivision of land or other radical changes never happened, as far as we know. The ruling oligarchies of cities coped with this critical situation by sending abroad people who had been reduced to poverty and discontented with existing regime as hired soldiers and allowing them to enjoy the benefits of war, while at the same time to averting the revolutionary energy of people upsetting the ancien regime. On the other hand, the alliances with foreign powers were beneficial in both political and military aspects for the oligarchic parties that dominated the Cretan cities. In their own feuds or in social conflicts, they found supporters in those foreign powers in return for providing mercenary forces to them.
著者
岡田 泰介
出版者
公益財団法人 史学会
雑誌
史学雑誌 (ISSN:00182478)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.124, no.12, pp.1-36, 2015 (Released:2018-10-05)

I G . I 31 0 3 2、いわゆる A t h e n i a n N a v a l C a t a l o g u e は、古典期アテナイの軍船乗組員の構成を詳細かつ具体的に伝える、現在のところほぼ唯一の史料である。この碑文は、乗組員中に奴隷(t h e r a p o n t e s)が高い比率を占めていることなど、前五世紀アテナイ社会の理解に深くかかわる可能性のある注目すべき情報を含んでいるが、保存状態が悪いうえ、比較すべき類例がほとんどないため、歴史的文脈への位置づけがむずかしい。そこで、現時点でもっとも信頼性が高いと思われる断片配置とテクスト復元にもとづいてこの碑文をあらためて吟味し、そこから知り得ることを確認するとともに、その歴史的意義をあきらかにすることが、本稿の目的である。 まず、年代としては、碑文に内在する手がかりからは、前五世紀末、おそらく前四一二年以前という推定が可能だが、外部史料との照合によっても、それ以上の絞り込み、特定の歴史的 事件との関係づけはむずしいことを確認した。つ ぎに、この碑文から読みとれるアテナイ海軍の状態を一般化できるか否かを、多数の奴隷乗組員の存 在、海兵(e p i b a t a i )の社会的地位、乗組員の徴募方法という三つの指標にそくして考察した。その結果、奴隷と海兵の様態、乗組員の徴募方法のいずれにも、なんらかの特殊な事態を示唆する要素はみられないことがあきらかになった。以上から、この碑文は、例外的な状況ではなく、むしろ、ペロポンネソス戦争期アテナイ海軍の常態を反映した史料と評価することができるとの結論が導かれた 。

1 0 0 0 IR IGI³ 1032 再考

著者
岡田 泰介
出版者
高千穂大学高千穂学会
雑誌
高千穂論叢 (ISSN:03887340)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.53, no.1, pp.71-90, 2018-05
著者
岡田 泰介
出版者
高千穂大学高千穂学会
雑誌
高千穂論叢 = THE TAKACHIHO RONSO (ISSN:03887340)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.51, no.4, pp.41-66, 2017-02-25
著者
岡田 泰介
出版者
高千穂大学商学会
雑誌
高千穂論叢 (ISSN:03887340)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.40, no.5, pp.117-146, 2006-03
著者
岡田 泰介
出版者
高千穂大学商学会
雑誌
高千穂論叢 (ISSN:03887340)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.40, no.2, pp.109-126, 2005-11
著者
岡田 泰介
出版者
高千穂大学商学会
雑誌
高千穂論叢 (ISSN:03887340)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.39, no.3, pp.73-88, 2005-03