著者

志波 彩子 SHIBA Ayako

出版者

名古屋大学人文学研究科

雑誌

名古屋大学人文学研究論集 (ISSN:2433233X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.305-323, 2018-03-31

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It is known that the Japanese passive clitic -rare- also has an abilitative/potential meaning. However, the mechanism through which each meaning is construed has not been sufficiently revealed through previous studies. The clitic -rare- that emerged through the analogy of spontaneous intransitive verbal inflection, resulted in inheriting the spontaneity in the meaning, as many studies has argued. However, at the same time the -rare- sentence is closely connected to the speaker’s standpoint, which is a crucial factor in explaining the meanings of a sentence with -rare- usage. A sentence such as “Kono sakana wa nama de tabe-rare-ru. (this fish is/can be eaten raw)” is construed as passive when we describe/construe it in a neutral standpoint. Meanwhile, the same sentence can be construed as abilitative/potential when we refer to it from the standpoint of the agent who hopes or intends to realize the event that is referred to by the verb. The construction where the passive and abilitative/potential meanings interact most frequently is the inanimate-theme subject type, especially when the agent is a generic person as well as defocused.

著者

志波 彩子 SHIBA Ayako

出版者

名古屋大学人文学研究科

雑誌

名古屋大学人文学研究論集 (ISSN:2433233X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.305-323, 2018-03-31

---

It is known that the Japanese passive clitic -rare- also has an abilitative/potential meaning. However, the mechanism through which each meaning is construed has not been sufficiently revealed through previous studies. The clitic -rare- that emerged through the analogy of spontaneous intransitive verbal inflection, resulted in inheriting the spontaneity in the meaning, as many studies has argued. However, at the same time the -rare- sentence is closely connected to the speaker's standpoint, which is a crucial factor in explaining the meanings of a sentence with -rare- usage. A sentence such as "Kono sakana wa nama de tabe-rare-ru. (this fish is/can be eaten raw)" is construed as passive when we describe/construe it in a neutral standpoint. Meanwhile, the same sentence can be construed as abilitative/potential when we refer to it from the standpoint of the agent who hopes or intends to realize the event that is referred to by the verb. The construction where the passive and abilitative/potential meanings interact most frequently is the inanimate-theme subject type, especially when the agent is a generic person as well as defocused.

著者

志波 彩子

出版者

日本言語学会

雑誌

言語研究 (ISSN:00243914)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.158, pp.91-116, 2020 (Released:2021-02-16)

参考文献数

60

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古代日本語のラレル構文体系と現代スペイン語の再帰接辞seによる中動態の体系は,外的動作主を介さない自然発生的変化の構文から外的動作主を必ず介する動詞にまで構文を拡張し,受身や可能を表す構文を持つ点では共通する。一方で,日本語のラレル構文は有情者に視点を置いた有情主語の受身を中心的に持つのに対し,スペイン語は中立視点で,事態実現の局面を捉える非情主語受身を中心に発達させている。その事態実現の非情主語受身の領域に,日本語は実現構文(自発・可能)を発達させている。また,日本語の可能は個別一回的な実現系状況可能であるのに対し,スペイン語のse中動態における可能は,潜在系の対象可能ないし場所・時間可能である。さらに,スペイン語の中動態も与格代名詞と組み合わさって「動作主に意志がないのに行為が発生する」という日本語の自発によく似た意味を表すが,中心的に用いられる動詞には両言語で違いがある。